Protection against infectious diseases is provided to young infants by passive immunity through the transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G during pregnancy and through immunoglobulin A in breast milk [1–7]. Despite the obvious benefits of these antibodies to the youngest infants, their levels wane over time, necessitating the development of active immunity through vaccination. The timing o...

BACKGROUND H6N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) are frequently isolated in Taiwan and lead to significant economic losses, either directly or indirectly through association with other infectious diseases. This study investigates immune responses to three different vaccines following a H6N1 challenge in different local breeds. METHODS Experimental animals were sampled from six loc...

Our objective was to determine whether an immune response can be generated against MUC1 peptide and against tumor cell MUC1 after vaccination with MUC1-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate plus QS-21 in breast cancer patients. Nine patients with a history of breast cancer but without evidence of disease were treated with MUC1-KLH conjugate plus QS-21, containing 100 microg of MUC1 and 100 ...

Tetanus is caused by the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is one of the most dreaded diseases especially in the developing countries. The current vaccine against tetanus is based on an inactivated tetanus toxin, which is effective but has many drawbacks. In our previous study, we developed a recombinant tetanus vaccine based on protein TeNT-Hc, with clear advantages over the toxoid vaccine in term...

Recombinant subunit vaccines are an efficient strategy to meet the demands of a possible influenza pandemic, because of rapid and scalable production. However, vaccines made from recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) subunit protein are often of low potency, requiring high dose or boosting to generate a sustained immune response. We have improved the immunogenicity of a plant-made HA vaccine by chemic...

Background: Conjugate typhoid vaccine can prevent increasing cases of typhoid in younger children. Commercially available conjugate vaccine has limited studies to support its use. Aims: To study the safety and immunogenicity of Vi conjugate typhoid vaccine (PedaTyph TM ). Materials and Methods: Four hundred children with age <5 years were randomised to receive either one dose (Group A) or two d...

The prevention of hepatitis B by vaccination is one of the most efficient tools to avoid the transmission of the virus. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of the national vaccine Butang in children born in Campo Mourão City, state of Paraná, Brazil, aged 7 to 12 months, by determining the anti-HBsAg antibodies levels after completion of the National Immunization Program Protocol for hepati...

UNLABELLED The most effective way of avoiding influenza is through influenza vaccination. However, the vaccine is ineffective in about 25% of the older population. Immunosenescence with advancing age results in inadequate protection from disease because of ineffective responses to vaccination. Recently, a number of strategies have been tested to improve the efficacy of a vaccine in older adults...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate (PNCRM7) vaccine in infants and (2) to determine the effect of concurrent hepatitis B immunization during the primary series and the effect of concurrent diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis [DTaP (ACEL-IMUNE)] and conjugate CRM197 Haemophilus...

BACKGROUND We conducted a clinical trial in October 2009 to evaluate the immunogenicity of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (pH1N1 vaccine) in health care workers (HCWs). By 2 weeks after vaccination, 97% had protective hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers (≥ 40) however, 16% were low responders (LR) and failed to maintain a protective response 90 days after vaccination. METHODS We analy...