In this article, an innovative supervision system will be proposed that can observe and analyze health of Circuit Breaker’s trip coil. The proposed design also logs changes in the coil's quality and informs network supervisor in case of Circuit Breaker (CB) failure. This system injects small direct currents to the Circuit Breaker connections and the trip coil to compute CB’s health and characte...

Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network [1]. Nowadays, mobile phone handhelds are everywhere and are used for various applications. Convergence of media provides a great opportunity for mobile users. Yet, there has been a growing rate of challenges acco...

In past, dependable networks meant minimizing network outages or the impact of the outages. However, over the decade, major network services have shifted from telephone and data transmission to Internet and to mobile communication, where higher layer services with a variety of contents are provided. Reviewing these backgrounds of network development, the importance of the dependability of highe...

A PBX, or private branch exchange, is a private telephone network used within an enterprise. The PBX telephone migration problem arises when an enterprise acquires a new PBX to replace an existing one. Phone numbers need to migrate from the old system to the new system over a time horizon. A penalty, assigned to the each pair of phones, is incurred if the pair is migrated in different time peri...

Various routing methodologies are implemented both in connection-oriented and connectionless networks. From the perspective of ATM networks especially those that address issues of QoS and dynamic networks are important ones. ATM was originally developed as a switching standard for support of broadband integrated services in public, switched telephone network. This makes it natural to consider r...

With the remarkable evolution of telecommunications as we reach the end of this century, it becomes clear that speech recognition via the telephone network will play an increasingly important role, mainly due to the widespread use of both cellular and non-cellular telephones. For many applications of speech recognition over the telephone, digit recognition is fundamental. This paper describes a...