Introduction: Objective evaluation of clinical and professional competency is one of the most important aspects in medical students' clinical education. Objective structural clinical exam (OSCE) evaluates a large spectrum of technical and basic skills in an experimental setting. The present study was carried out in order to comparing two methods of evaluation, traditional evaluation (TE) and ob...

In this study, we used the Shephard distance functions to analyze environmental technical efficiency and decomposition of Changes in CO2 Emissions to Five factors: “technical efficiency change effect, technical change effect, and emission indexes associated with capital, labor and energy “in 28 provinces of Iran for the period 2003-2013. Our study used panel data and data envelopment analysis t...

Background: Hospital accreditation is assumed as an effective control mechanism for health systems to improve quality and efficiency. Current study thus, seeks to look into the relationship between hospitals’ accreditation and efficiency Materials and Methods: In order to measure efficiency, hospital inputs and outputs included the ratio of physician and nurse to bed, mortality and nosocomial ...

In this study, efficiency of apple producers in Khorasan Province was determined by a cross sectional data of 212 apple producers. Mean technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies were estimated to be around 31, 28, and 9 percent, respectively. A high potential was also detected for increasing these efficiencies. Apple producers’ age and education had positive effects and risk aversion h...

In this study, efficiency of apple producers in Khorasan Province was determined by a cross sectional data of 212 apple producers. Mean technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies were estimated to be around 31, 28, and 9 percent, respectively. A high potential was also detected for increasing these efficiencies. Apple producers’ age and education had positive effects and risk aversion h...

Background: Hospitals are the most important executive part of healthcare systems. During COVID-19 crisis, they faced a sudden demand, and spent the hospital resources and equipment in order to provide treatment services to COVID-19 patients. Considering that the provision of services was focused on these patients, the efficiency of hospitals during this crisis was not clear. The purpose of the...