Research always conveys a commitment to philosophical beliefs even if this is unintended and even though it remains implicit and unacknowledged. . . . [Researchers] cannot evade the responsibility for critically examining and justifying the philosophical ideas that their enquiries incorporate. It follows that philosophical reflection and argumentation are central features of the methods and pro...

associated with this condition among summer crop growers in Shoushtar Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2017. The population consisted of summer crop farmers in the Shoushtar Township (N=850). The sample size was determined based on Morgan table (n=150). For analyzing food security level, the 18-item USDA househo...

The educational technology research field has been at the heart of debates about the future of education for the last quarter century. This paper explores the socio-technical developments that the next 25 years might bring and the implications of such developments for educators and for educational technology research. The paper begins by outlining the diverse approaches to educational futures t...

Information literacy embraces the ability to access useful information, to have the awareness organizing knowledge and information requiring different methods of search and most effective diagnostic information for problem solving and decision-making. Those who lack these abilities are continuously confused in the vast ocean of information. This study investigated designing model of educators’ ...