We address ad hoc teamwork, where an agent must coordinate with other agents in an unknown common task without pre-defined coordination. We formalize the ad hoc teamwork problem as a sequential decision problem and propose (i) the use of an online learning approach that considers the different tasks depending on their ability to predict the behavior of the teammate; and (ii) a decision-theoreti...

Team ISIS (ISI Synthetic) successfully participated in the rst international RoboCup soccer tournament (RoboCup'97) held in Nagoya, Japan, in August 1997. ISIS won the third-place prize in over 30 teams that participated in the simulation league of RoboCup'97 (the most popular among the three RoboCup'97 leagues). In terms of research accomplishments, ISIS illustrated the usefulness of an explic...

Prior research into the effects of racial diversity upon workplace relationships has demonstrated that white workers prefer to work in and with groups which are also comprised of white workers. Using structural equation models, we tested whether higher levels of racial diversity, measured as social distance from coworkers and inmates, were associated with lower evaluations of organizational com...

OBJECTIVE Cardiac surgery (PCS) has a low error tolerance, is dependent upon sophisticated organisational structures and demands high levels of cognitive and technical performance. The aim of the study was to assess the role of intraoperative non-routine events (NREs) and team performance on paediatric cardiac surgery outcomes. The current paper focuses on improving methods for studying teamwor...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Currently available tools to measure teamwork, an essential component of primary care, are generally very resource intensive and thus cannot be administered frequently. To explore the possibility of developing a brief teamwork-assessment instrument, we first administered 29 questions about teamwork from the Practice Environment Checklist (PEC) to all members of six cli...

Teamwork has become increasingly important in diverse disciplines. Cognitive studies on teamwork have shown that team members in an effective team often have mutual expectations based on their shared mental models and proactively offer assistance to each other. We present a formal model called Role-Based Proactive Helping Behaviors (RoB-PHB) to enable proactive assistance among (sub)teams. Thro...

Improving teamwork in healthcare may help reduce and manage errors. This paper takes a step toward that goal by (1) proposing a set of teamwork behaviours, or behavioural markers, for neonatal resuscitation; (2) presenting a data form for recording observations about these markers; and (3) comparing and contrasting different sets of teamwork behaviours that have been developed for healthcare. D...

Many scenarios require that robots work together as a team in order to effectively accomplish their tasks. However, precoordinating these teams may not always be possible given the growing number of companies and research labs creating these robots. Therefore, it is desirable for robots to be able to reason about ad hoc teamwork and adapt to new teammates on the fly. Past research on ad hoc tea...

Cooperation in multi-agent systems essentially hinges on appropriate communication. This paper shows how to model communication in teamwork within TEAMLOG, the first multi-modal framework wholly capturing a methodology for working together. Taking off from the dialogue theory ofWalton and Krabbe, the paper focuses on deliberation, the main type of dialogue during team planning. We provide a fou...

The authors examined how networks of teams integrate their efforts to succeed collectively. They proposed that integration processes used to align efforts among multiple teams are important predictors of multiteam performance. The authors used a multiteam system (MTS) simulation to assess how both cross-team and within-team processes relate to MTS performance over multiple performance episodes ...