Okadaic acid (OKA) is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1/2A (PP2A). Inhibition of PP2A leads to hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. Hyperphosphorylated Tau protein is present in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles a characteristic feature of neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of OKA causes neurotoxicity, which is associated with incr...

Calcium is a universal intracellular signaling molecule. Through variations in both the amplitude and frequency of intracellular calcium increases, the same calcium ion can elicit different responses. In this report, we investigated the effect of a calcium transient, lasting 2-5 min, on alterations in the phosphorylation state of the cytoskeletal protein, tau. Transient increases in calcium res...

Apoptosis has been characterized as a regulated, energy-dependent process. Specific protein-phosphorylation events have been demonstrated previously to occur during apoptosis and may play an important role in the regulation of this death process. In this study, energy metabolism and protein phosphorylation during apoptosis of neuronal PC12 cells induced by nerve growth factor and serum deprivat...

Fibrils composed of tau protein are a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that when recombinant tau protein is seeded with paired helical filaments (PHFs) isolated from AD brain, the amyloid formed shares many of the structural features of AD PHFs. In contrast, tau amyloids formed with heparin as an inducing agent-a commo...

This experiment is deigned for the appearance search of ν μ − >ντ oscillation in the parameter region indicated by Super-Kamiokande, as the explanation of the zenith dependence of the atmospheric neutrino deficit. The detection is mainly based on the nuclear emulsion technology for the direct observation of the decay of tau leptons produced in ντ charged current interactions. The performance of...

Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, is a high affinity inhibitor of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) protein. The DYRK1A gene is located within the Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR) on chromosome 21. We and others have implicated DYRK1A in the phosphorylation of tau protein on multiple sites associated with tau pathology in Down Syndrome and in Alzheime...

(Cell 142, 320–332; July 23, 2010) As a result of an error during figure preparation, the model in Figure 6D was omitted. Additionally, in Figure S1B, Tau-pSer399 was incorrectly typed. This has been corrected to Tau-pSer396 both in the figure and in the text. Corrected versions of both figures are shown below. These errors in no way affect the conclusions of the paper, and the authors apologiz...

The Alzheimer’s disease pathogenic peptide, -amyloid42 (A 42), induces tau protein phosphorylation. Because hyperphosphorylated tau is a consistent component of neurofibrillary tangles, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, we investigated the signaling molecules involved in A 42-induced tau phosphorylation. We show that A 42 elicited rapid and reversible tau protein phosphorylation o...

Neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. Insoluble tau protein is the major component of neurofibrillary tangles. Defects in the tau protein degradation pathway in neurons can lead to the accumulation of tau and its subsequent aggregation. Currently, contradictory results on the tau degradation pathway have been reported by different groups. This discrep...

primary antibody was omitted. The slides were observed, and images were acquired with a confocal LSM710 microscope and an Axioplan microscope (both from Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany). Tau immunostaining was detected in all smeared spermatozoa (Figure 1a). The Tau protein was located in the sperm midpiece. In testicular tissue, Tau immunoreactivity was observed in both spermatocytes and spermatids ...