the necessity and importance of teaching pragmatics has come to light by many researchers (e.g. rose & kasper, 2001). due to the consensus over the need to teach pragmatic competence, the main issue now centers on the question of how we should teach this competence in the most effective way. consistent with this line of research, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of d...

DataFlow has been emerging as a new paradigm for building task-oriented chatbots due to its expressive semantic representations of the dialogue tasks. Despite availability large dataset SMCalFlow and simplified syntax, development evaluation DataFlow-based remain challenging system complexity lack downstream toolchains. In this demonstration, we present DFEE, an interactive Execution Evaluation...

Introduction. Iranian talented university students who take term averages below 17 for at least twice can’t use facilities of educational legislation for gifted and talented students in universities. This study deals with validity of this rule. Methods. Renzullis three ring conception of giftedness was selected as gifted definition. Obtaining grade point averages equal or more than 15 was rega...

The paper provides a detailed account of the First Shared Task Evaluation Challenge on Question Generation that took place in 2010. The campaign included two tasks that take text as input and produce text, i.e. questions, as output: Task A – Question Generation from Paragraphs and Task B – Question Generation from Sentences. Motivation, data sets, evaluation criteria, guidelines for judges, and...

Petri nets have been widely used to model dynamic systems, namely manufacturing systems. In this paper we introduce the use of Petri nets to model robotic tasks. Diierent views of the robotic task model can be modeled by distinct Petri net types: interpreted Petri nets for task design and execution, generalized stochastic Petri nets for task quantitative performance evaluation and ordinary Petr...

This paper presents the results of the WMT12 shared tasks, which included a translation task, a task for machine translation evaluation metrics, and a task for run-time estimation of machine translation quality. We conducted a large-scale manual evaluation of 103 machine translation systems submitted by 34 teams. We used the ranking of these systems to measure how strongly automatic metrics cor...

This paper describes the technical contribution of the supporting resources provided for the BioNLP Shared Task 2013. Following the tradition of the previous two BioNLP Shared Task events, the task organisers and several external groups sought to make system development easier for the task participants by providing automatically generated analyses using a variety of automated tools. Providing a...

among the four important factors in the educational contexts, namely, teachers, learners, textbooks and contexts, textbooks play an important role in english language teaching (elt), particularly in the english as a foreign language (efl) classroom where it provides the primary source of linguistic input. the wealth of published material for english language teaching (elt) available in the mark...

Parser Evaluation using Textual Entailments (PETE) is a shared task in the SemEval-2010 Evaluation Exercises on Semantic Evaluation. The task involves recognizing textual entailments based on syntactic information alone. PETE introduces a new parser evaluation scheme that is formalism independent, less prone to annotation error, and focused on semantically relevant distinctions. This paper desc...

In this paper we describe the Question Answering Challenge (QAC), a question answering task, and its first evaluation (QAC1). The project was carried out as a task of the NTCIR Workshop 3 in October 2002. One objective of the QAC was to develop practical QA systems in a general domain by focusing on research relating to user interaction and information extraction. Our second objective was to de...