The new molecular targeted therapy has been developed over the past decades by using the molecular targeted molecular changes discovered in specific types of cancer. Unfortunately, most of these agents (epidermal growth factor receptors, multi-targeted small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies) have severe cutaneous adverse reactions, that not only interfere with the pati...

Introduction: In the present study, AS1411 aptamer conjugated gold nanoclusters (GNCs) have been introduced as a targeted radiosensitizer for enhancing megavoltage radiation therapy efficacy. RT has identified as an effective therapeutic modality for many different types of solid tumors. However, equal radiation beams absorption by tumor and surrounding healthy tissues is still...

introduction: the incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing at a rate greater than any other human cancer. although melanoma accounts for only 4 percent of all dermatologic cancers, it is responsible for 80 percent of deaths from skin cancer; only 14 percent of patients with metastatic melanoma survive for five years. the optimal therapy varies with the stage of the disease. surgical excisi...

In the last decade, developments in nanotechnology have provided a new field in medicine called “Nanomedicine”. Nanomedicine has provided new tools for photodynamic therapy. Quantum dots (QDs) are approximately spherical nanoparticles that have attracted broad attention and have been used in nanomedicine applications. QDs have high molar extinction coefficients and photoluminescence quantum yie...

background: molecular targeted therapy by different cell death inducers are recently considered in cancer therapy. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of cisplatin and inositol trisphosphate kinase inhibitor (caffeine) on human breast cancer cell line (mcf-7). the pattern of cell death in mcf-7 cells following the exposure to cisplatin and caffeine in individual and combination form...

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and one of the major causes of death among women. Breast cancer is also one of the most investigated diseases but whose biological features are still not well understood, several effective treating strategies having been explored in dealing with different types of advanced breast cancer, such as endocrine therapy and molecular targeted the...

Advances in our understanding of multistep and field carcinogenesis are erasing the clear demarcation of intraepithelial neoplasia from invasive neoplasia. The growing ability to define a very high risk of cancer is forging important commonalities between prevention and therapy, such as in potential prognostic/predictive markers, agents, and side effects that patients would be willing to tolera...

Human telomerase is highly active in more than 85% of primary cancers, regardless of their tissue origins, but not in most differentiated somatic tissues. Because of this, telomerase recently has become a popular target of anticancer therapy and has been used as a marker of cancer. Similarly, telomerase promoters, especially telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, have been zealously ...

Molecular-targeted therapy has been developed for cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer cells have different metabolic properties from normal cells. Normal cells mostly rely upon the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy whereas cancer cells have developed an altered metabolism that allows them to sustain higher proliferation rates. Cancer cells could predo...