RNA is a drug target involved in diverse cellular functions and viral processes. Molecules that inhibit the HIV TAR RNA-Tat protein interaction may attenuate Tat/TAR-dependent protein expression and potentially serve as anti-HIV therapeutics. By incorporating positively charged residues with mixed side chain lengths, we designed peptides that bind TAR RNA with enhanced intracellular activity. T...

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) and the related bovine lentiviruses bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) utilize the viral Tat protein to activate viral transcription. The arginine-rich RNA-binding domains of the Tat proteins bind to their cognate transactivation response element (TAR) RNA hairpins located at the 5' ends of the viral mRNAs, resulting in enh...

Streaming multimedia content with UDP has become increasingly popular over distributed systems such as the Internet. However, because UDP does not possess any congestion-control mechanism and most best-effort traffic is served by the congestion-controlled TCP, UDP flows steal bandwidth from TCP to the point that TCP flows can starve for network resources. Furthermore, such applications may caus...

Teleoperation (TO) is an important step in the new technologies that able robots to operate with human control and supervision. TO provides a highly safe robot operation in certain activities. Actually, the main problem is the skill required to operate these systems: The user requires both, a high knowledge about the teleoperated system “TS” (commands, controls, interpretation of multiple infor...

The composition of heterogeneous software components is required in many domains to build complex systems. However, such compositions raise mismatches between components such as unspecified messages. Checking compatibility for asynchronously communicating systems with unbounded channels is undecidable. In this paper, we propose a compatibility control approach based on a coverability product, w...

Tar removal from biomass gasification gas is a crucial problem in applying syngas from biomass for its downstream applications. Catalytic biomass gasification has given promising results for tar cracking. A few research groups have investigated the use of olivine for tar cracking [2,3,4,7,8,9,10]. The presence of oxides of iron and magnesium in the mineral olivine give it the ability to crack h...

The tar locus of Escherichia coli specifies one of the major species of methyl-accepting proteins involved in the chemotactic behavior of this organism. The physical and genetic organization of the tar region was investigated with a series of specialized lambda transducing phages and plasmid clones. The tar gene was mapped at the promoter-proximal end of an operon containing five other chemotax...

Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is activated through binding of the viral Tat protein to the trans-activating response (TAR) element at the 5' end of the nascent transcript. Whereas HIV type 1 (HIV-1) TAR folds a simple hairpin structure, the corresponding domains of HIV-2 and SIVmac exhibit a more complex structure composed of three s...