One of the problems associated with double-3tranded DNA sequencing is that most of the [5'-3P]-labelied oligonuoleotide primer i3 not extended by the DNA polymerase. Hence, most of the labelled primer is wasted and gels have to be autoradiographed for several days. In the method described in this paper, almost all of the labelled primer is extended by the DNA polymerase and thus a shorter autor...

MATERIALS 5x Cycle-sequencing buffer AmpliTaq CS or other exonuclease-deficient versions of Taq DNA polymerase (5 units/μl) EDTA (0.05 M, pH 8.0) Formamide loading buffer Oligonucleotide Primers, radiolabeled at the 5' terminus with 33P or 32P To prepare end-labeled primers, please see Phosphorylating the 5' Termini of Oligonucleotides. Template DNAs Plasmids, cosmids, bacteriophage , and bacte...

DNA polymerases from different evolutionary families [Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase from the B-family polymerases, Taq DNA polymerase from the A-family polymerases and HIV reverse transcriptase from the reverse transcriptase family] were examined for their ability to incorporate the sugar-modified cyclohexenyl nucleoside triphosphates. All enzymes were able to use the cyclohexenyl nucleotides as a...

The structures of the reaction products are the basis for novel polymerase assays using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Polymerases are the enzymes involved in transcription and replication of DNA. Rapid semiquantitative estimates of the activity of DNA polymerases such as Sequenase, Taq polymerase, and AMV reverse transcriptase and RNA polymerases (RNAP) such as Escherichia coli RNAP were o...

Materials Lambda exonuclease ( exo), Exonuclease I (exo I), Lambda Exonuclease Buffer and ThermoPolReaction Buffer were all purchased from New England Biolabs (MA, USA). Taq DNA polymerase was purchased from Tiangen Biotech Co. (Beijing, China). DNA strands were synthesized and purified by HPLC (Sangon Co., China). The sequences of all the probes and targets that have been studied in this work...

range of blood-cell concentrations (between 0.125–1.0 μL of blood; see References 5 and 6). One difference between the original vs. the modified method is degradation of hemoglobin, or heme compound, by boiling in NaOH that results in a stronger inhibitory effect on the Taq DNA polymerase (2,4). In addition, it is possible that repeated boiling of the sample before DNA amplification increases t...

We characterized the behavior of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using degraded DNA as a template. We first demonstrated that fragments larger than the initial template fragments can be amplified if overlapping fragments are allowed to anneal and extend prior to routine PCR. Amplification products increase when degraded genomic DNA is pretreated by polymerization in the absence of specific pri...

A new method to produce hot-start conditions in PCR is described. Short double-stranded DNA fragments were found to inhibit the activity of DNA polymerases from Thermus aquaticus and Thermus flavus. This inhibition is not sequence specific, but exclusively dependent on the melting temperature of the fragments as shown by its correlation to their melting curves as measured. This property is expl...

Transcription initiation complexes formed by bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) exhibit dramatic species-specific differences in stability, leading to different strategies of transcription regulation. The molecular basis for this diversity is unclear. Promoter complexes formed by RNAP from Thermus aquaticus (Taq) are considerably less stable than Escherichia coli RNAP promoter complexes, particu...