Abstract The existence of oil palm wastes has caused a significant disposal challenge, and it contains high fibre that is hard to disintegrate. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) contributes approximately 24 weights (wt.) % solid waste in industries cellulose content. This study aims find the best combination ratio EFB fine (EFBF) tapioca starch for polymer production (EFBT) its characterisation. was co...

Chaos could occur anytime in agriculture sector, and that some occurences will be predictable and some will not, so it needs early warning system that could detect early chaotic conditions and take action for crisis recovery.This research was aimed to design early warning system for tapioca agroindustry with the chaos existence test. The methodology in this research we investigate the existence...

in this study, modified starch was used as a fat replacer in the milk. the fat replacer was manufactured from modified starch such as pre-gelatinized and cross–linked starches. modified starches were manufactured by hydrochloric acid and citric acid treatments from potato and wheat and were added to skim milk at concentrations of 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45%. viscosity, total solid, fat content, titr...