There is large variation in lifespan among different species, and there is evidence that modulation of proteasome function may contribute to longevity determination. Comparative biology provides a powerful tool for identifying genes and pathways that control the rate of aging. Here, we evaluated skin-derived fibroblasts and demonstrate that among primate species, longevity correlated with an el...

Consider the field of rational functions Kpxq for a field K and let d dx be the usual derivative. Then Kpxq is a differential field. We call Kpxqtyu the ring of differential polynomials. Its elements are polynomials in y and the derivatives of y, i. e. Kpxqtyu Kpxqry, y1, y2, . . .s. An algebraic ordinary differential equation (AODE) is one of the form F px, y, y1, . . . , ypnqq 0 where F P Kpx...

An increased activity of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 has been proposed as a mechanism underlying the hypocholesterolaemic effect of phytosterols. In the present study, ABCA1-deficient mice (ABCA1-/- mice) were used to examine the involvement of the ABCA1 in the reduction of intestinal cholesterol absorption in response to a phytosterol-enriched diet. A decrease in intestinal chole...

Ž . Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr were subjected to acute handling stresses and growth-monitored for at least 30 days. In fish stressed twice daily, growth rate in weight was 61% lower than Ž y1. controls after 11 days 1.00 vs. 2.57% day and over a 30 day period it was 50% lower than Ž y1. controls 1.53 vs. 3.07% day . In fish stressed once daily, growth rate was 18% lower than Ž y1. control...

Two direct 125I radioimmunoassays for 17 beta-estradiol were evaluated by comparing results with those obtained by a comparison RIA involving extraction and chromatography (x) and with ultrasound parameters of ovarian activity. The correlation coefficients (R2) for the Immuchem Covalent-Coat Solid Phase 125I results (y1) and the Pantex Immuno-direct results (y2) with the comparison method resul...

BACKGROUND The maximum post exercise blood lactate concentration (BLCmax) has been positively correlated with maximal short-term exercise (MSE) performance. However, the moment when BLCmax occurs (TBLCmax) is rather unpredictable and interpretation of BLC response to MSE is therefore difficult. METHODS We compared a 3- and a 4-parameter model for the analysis of the dynamics of BLC response t...

A complex number is nothing more than a point in the xy–plane. The first component, x, of the complex number (x, y) is called its real part and the second component, y, is called its imaginary part, even though there is nothing imaginary about it. The sum and product of two complex numbers (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are defined by (x1, y1) + (x2, y2) = (x1 + x2, y1 + y2) (x1, y1) (x2, y2) = (x1x2 − ...

λ1 + . . .+ λm = 1, then we say that y is an affine combination of y1, . . . ,ym ∈Y . If, in addition, λi ≥ 0 for 1 ≤ i ≤ m, then we say that y is a convex combination of y1, . . . ,ym ∈ Y . A convex set is any subset of Rn that is closed under the operation of taking convex combinations. In fact, it can be shown that a subset X is convex if and only if for all x0,x1 ∈ X and 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1, the poin...