background: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between congenital hypothyroidism and several variables using two different adjustment methods. methods: this matched case-control study was conducted in hamadan province, the west of iran, in 2012 enrolling neonates born between 2005 and 2011 and covered by screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. the neonates with t...

R&D investment is a risk-taking decision for innovations. However, trade-off relationship exists between short-term profit and expenditure (present vs. future), because of the uncertainty involved. Choosing to invest in thus seen as propensity decision-makers, how perceive risk susceptible their cognitive system. This study included three empirical studies involving situations. It looked at goa...

Doubly robust estimation combines a form of outcome regression with a model for the exposure (i.e., the propensity score) to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. When used individually to estimate a causal effect, both outcome regression and propensity score methods are unbiased only if the statistical model is correctly specified. The doubly robust estimator combines these ...

We explore the finite sample properties of several semiparametric estimators of average treatment effects, including propensity score reweighting, matching, double robust, and control function estimators. When there is good overlap in the distribution of propensity scores for treatment and control units, reweighting estimators are preferred on bias grounds and attain the semiparametric efficien...

Parents invest in their children’s human capital in several ways. We investigate the extent to which the levels and composition of parent-child time varies across countries with different welfare regimes: Finland, Germany and the United States. We test the hypothesis of parentchild time as a form of human capital investment in children using a propensity score treatment effects approach that ac...

In recent years many studies have reported significant empirical associations between fertility and marital dissolution. Whether this is a causal effect or only a correlation is not clear. We explore this issue by using the propensity score methods. First we explore the effect of the binary treatment ”having young children or not” on marital disruption. Then, we extend the method to the case of...

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and medication therapy management services delivery of community pharmacies in Rivers State, Nigeria.
 Methodology: Correlational research design was adopted for using survey method. All State registered with Pharmacists Council Nigerian (PCN) constituted population had a 462 from which sample size 214 determ...