We investigate the relative efficiency of the empirical “tail median” vs. ”tail mean” as estimators of location under random sampling from the exponential power distribution (EPD). By considering appropriate probabilities so that the quantile of the untruncated EPD (population tail median) and mean of the left-truncated EPD (population tail mean) coincide, limiting results are established conce...

Tail dependence and conditional tail dependence functions describe, respectively, the tail probabilities and conditional tail probabilities of a copula at various relative scales. The properties as well as the interplay of these two functions are established based upon their homogeneous structures. The extremal dependence of a copula, as described by its extreme value copulas, is shown to be co...

The IEEE/ANSI standard for Scheme requires implementations to be properly tail recursive. This ensures that portable code can rely upon the space eeciency of continuation-passing style and other idioms. On its face, proper tail recursion concerns the eeciency of procedure calls that occur within a tail context. When examined closely, proper tail recur-sion also depends upon the fact that garbag...

Various multivariate Pareto distributions are known to exhibit the heavy tail behaviors. This paper examines the tail dependence properties of a general class of multivariate Pareto distributions with the Pareto index and some common scale parameters. The multivariate tail dependence describes the amount of dependence in the upper-orthant tail or lower-orthant tail of a multivariate distributio...

the antinociceptive effect of elaeagnus angustifolia fruits was studied in mice. the antinociceptive effect of ethanolic and boiling water extracts was studied using two thermal stimuli, the hot-plate and tail-flick tests. the intraperitoneal and oral administration of the ethanolic extract of seed 0.75-7.00 g/kg), but not pericarp and medulla had significant antinociceptive activity in the hot...

introduction: the antinociceptive effect of morphine is, in part, mediated through the activation of a descending pathway. one of the major components of this pathway is the nucleus raphe magnus (nrm). our previous study demonstrated the involvement of nrm in the analgesic effect of morphine microinjected into the nucleus cuneiformis (ncf) in a descending manner. the aim of the current study wa...

ABSTRACT Amongst tetrapods, mechanoreceptors on the feet establish a sense of body placement and help to facilitate posture biomechanics. Mechanoreceptors are necessary for stabilizing while navigating through changing terrains or responding sudden change in mass orientation. Lizards such as leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) employ autotomy – voluntary detachment portion tail escape predat...

We exhibit a new stability property of Weibull tail-distributions. It is shown that the power of a random variable with a Weibull tail-distribution still has a Weibull tail-distribution and the associated Weibull tail-coefficient is exhibited. Weibull tail-distributions are defined through their distribution function by: