Container stacking strength is an important performance requirement of corrugated fiberboard. The objective of this study is to examine theoretically how fluting geometry affects fiberboard strength and stiffness under standard relative humidity (RH) and high RH conditions. The fluted medium in a corrugated fiberboard is modeled as a connection of curved arc and straight flank segments passing ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from a macaque monkey (SIVmac) are assumed to have originated from simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from sooty mangabey (SIVsm). Despite their close similarity in genome structure, HIV-2 and SIVmac show different sensitivities to TRIM5α, a host restriction factor against retroviruses. The replication of...

Different isolates of Toxoplasma gondii (RH, equine, camel and sheep) strain were evaluated when used as antigens in the modified agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of antibodies to T. gondii in sera of slaughtered camels and donkeys from Egypt. The camel and sheep strains of T. gondii revealed a higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis in camels (30.7 and 27.3%) than that showed by RH and eq...

Toxoplasma gondii is considered to be one of the most successful intracellular pathogens, because it can reproduce in varied nutritional milieus, encountered in diverse host cell types of essentially any warm-blooded organism. Our earlier work demonstrated that the acute (tachyzoite) stage of T. gondii depends on cooperativity of glucose and glutamine catabolism to meet biosynthetic demands. Ei...

BACKGROUND Toxoplasma is an important source of foodborne hospitalization with no safe and effective therapy against chronic or congenital Toxopalsmosis. Atovaquone is a drug of choice but not approved for use in congenital Toxoplasmosis. We hypothesized atovaquone to be safe and effective against feto-maternal Toxoplasmosis. MATERIAL/METHODS Programmed pregnant mice were i.p. infected with 5...

Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasite with avirulent cystogenic and highly virulent non-cystogenic isolates. Although non-cystogenic strains are considered the most virulent, there are also marked genetic and virulence differences among these strains. Excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) of T. gondii are critical for the invasion process and the immune response of the host. To better un...

Besnoitia sp. are apicomplexan coccidian parasites affecting several species of mammals and cold-blooded animals in several countries. Besnoitia sp. tissue cysts were seen in several tissues of five rabbits from a rabbit breeder in La Plata, Argentina. Bradyzoites released from macroscopic tissue cysts were inoculated onto bovine monocytes, and into interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice. Bes...

Abstract :  Oral administration of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts to cats (i.e., monoxenous transmission) typically induces patent infections in fewer than half of test subjects. In the present study, oral administration of T. gondii oocysts to 5 kittens induced a patent infection in 2 of them, but only 1 kitten shed enough oocysts to enable further study. Those monoxenously-produced oocysts were ad...