The effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the functions of antigen-primed helper and suppressor T cells were studied in humoral immune responses in vitro. In doses equivalent to elevated physiologic concentrations, the suppressor T cell activity was abolished. In contrast, the helper T cell function was resistant to even pharmacologic concentrations of Dex. The apparent steroid resistance of the he...

The melanocyte-associated antigen gp100 constitutes one of the most attractive targets for T-cell-based immunotherapy against malignant melanoma. Although several MHC class I-restricted epitopes have been identified for CTLs, thus far, only one MHC class II T helper epitope (restricted by HLA-DR4) has been described in the literature. Using an algorithm to identify promiscuous helper T-cell epi...

Evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of soluble helper effects was observed in the generation of syngeneic killer T cells to trinitrophenyl-altered self. Ia-bearing T cells obscure the observation of such interactions, thus, must be removed to detect MHC restriction of nonspecific soluble helper factor supernates (HFS). Genetic mapping studies demonstrated that the st...

CD4+ T cells develop distinct and often contrasting helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic activities. Typically a property of CD8+ T cells, granzyme-mediated cytotoxic T cell (CTL) potential is also exerted by CD4+ T cells. However, the conditions that induce CD4+ CTLs are not entirely understood. Using single-cell transcriptional profiling, we uncover a unique signature of Granzyme B (GzmB)+ CD4+ C...

Clonal expansion of isolated precursors to helper T cells was induced in limiting dilution cultures of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed F1 hybrid lymph node cells. Progeny of each isolated precursor was tested for helper activity by transfer to independent cultures with hapten-primed B cells of either parental or F1 hybrid origin. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction spe...

The concept of idiotypy of ant igen-binding receptors suggests that in addi t ion to possessing a par t icular b inding site for antigen, each receptor has a set of serologic de terminants (idiotypes) which distinguish it from other receptors. T h e finding of idiotypy of an t ibody molecules (1) eventual ly led to a proposal for a network theory of the i m m u n e response (2). The network the...

Benchmarks The filamentous phages M13, f1, and fd have been widely applied in biological research such as phage display library, phage gene delivery, and antigen preparation (1). For phagemid-mediated gene delivery, we have previously reported that modified helper phage M13KO7P1, which encodes a 12-mer ligand peptide and pIII fusion, could be used to rescue phagemid that encodes the gene of int...