Hepatic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to certain drugs may differ within each country, reflecting different patterns of prescription, socioeconomic status, and culture. The purpose of this study was to assess the suspected cause of hepatic ADRs using the spontaneously reported pharmacovigilance data from Korea. A total of 9,360 spontaneously reported adverse drug events (ADEs) from nine Pharmac...

Treatment of such a serious systemic disease as gout is often carried out incorrectly, despite the presence large number recommendations and drugs. The reluctance some doctors to follow current for management patients with one factors poor adherence therapy. review considers modern approaches treatment gout, which provide long-term strategies lowering serum uric acid level.

Nasal drug delivery may be used for either local or systemic effects. Low molecular weight drugs with are rapidly absorbed through nasal mucosa. The main reasons for this are the high permeability, fairly wide absorption area, porous and thin endothelial basement membrane of the nasal epithelium. Despite the many advantages of the nasal route, limitations such as the high molecular weight (HMW)...

Liver is the hub of metabolic activity of the body. Indeed, most drugs are modified or metabolized in the liver. Thus, drugs that are dependent primarily on the liver for their systemic clearance are likely to have reduced elimination and subsequent accumulation, leading to excessive plasma drug concentrations and adverse effects.1 However, the effects of hepatic insufficiency on the pharmacoki...

background according to the previous studies, antihypertensive drugs should be withdrawn before surgery. nowadays it is accepted that some drugs effectively control systemic blood pressure (bp) to assure its desirable therapeutic control. objectives in this study, the effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (acei), on hemodynamic changes before, during and after the cor...

Microautoradiography was employed to show that association of drugs from the serum directly with forming hair pigment is a primary pathway of deposition into the hair. After systemic administration of [3H]flunitrazepam, [3H]nicotine, and [3H]cocaine, association of all three drugs with melanin in the forming hair was observed within minutes of dosage. Sebum was determined to be an insignificant...