The accurate and precise transport of the small amounts liquid by syringe pump is widely used in many fields. In this paper, an Arduino-based fabricated using computer DVD (digital versatile disc) drive. For fabrication pump, low-cost electronic components such as Arduino microcontroller, a stepper motor, motor driver, display are used. tray-loading mechanism drive (close/open tray for insertin...

UNLABELLED Many groups have reported the adsorption or retention of (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on injection vials and disposable plastic syringes. Such an enormously high loss of radioactivity would result in poor images, radiation exposure, waste, and economic burdens. We therefore decided to investigate the extent of adsorption or retention of several (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on injecti...

Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV) cause most of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in North and South America, respectively. The chances of a patient surviving HPS are only two in three. Previously, we demonstrated that SNV and ANDV DNA vaccines encoding the virus envelope glycoproteins elicit high-titer neutralizing antibodies in laboratory animals, and (for ANDV) in non...

BACKGROUND Requiring help injecting was recently associated with syringe sharing, and later HIV-1 and HCV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDU) in Vancouver. This risk factor remains poorly understood. The present study investigates this risk factor among Vancouver IDUs. METHODS We evaluated factors associated with requiring help injecting among participants enrolled in the Vancouve...

BACKGROUND Propofol is associated with a high incidence of injection pain in children, even if given together with lidocaine. A new lipid formulation of etomidate (Etomidate-Lipuro) has been found in adults to cause very little discomfort during i.v. injection. The aim of the present prospective, double-blind, randomized trial was to compare the incidence of injection pain during i.v. induction...

BACKGROUND Injection drug use has been the major cause of HIV/AIDS in China in the past two decades. We measured the prevalences of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence and their associated risk factors among current injection drug users (IDUs) in Ruili city, a border region connecting China with Myanmar that has been undergoing serious drug use and HIV spread problems. An estimate of the...

In 2003, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, opened North America's first government-sanctioned safer injecting facility, where injection drug users (IDUs) can inject preobtained illicit drugs under the supervision of nurses. Use of the service by IDUs was followed by measurable reductions in public drug use and syringe sharing. IDUs who are frequently using the program tend to be high-int...

BACKGROUND Incarceration has been associated with a number of health-related harms among injection drug users (IDU). However, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of incarceration among community-based samples of IDU. METHODS We examined the prevalence and correlates of recent incarceration among IDU in the Scientific Evaluation of Supervised Injecting (SEOSI) cohort examined b...

conclusions we found a large impact due to nsps for reducing the occurance of hiv among active drug injectors who have been provided sufficient needles and syringes. the coverage of nsps needs to be increased to observe such significant impact. results given the output of the model, we found that among the pwid with sufficient coverage of nsps the hiv rate is 1.02%, while those with insufficien...

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a membrane-embedded nanomachine found in several Gram-negative bacteria. Upon contact between bacteria and host cells, the syringe-like T3SS (Figure 1) transfers proteins termed effectors from the bacterial cytosol to the cytoplasm or the plasma membrane of a single target cell. This is a major difference from secretion systems that merely release molecul...