The role of sugar substitutes such as xylitol and sorbitol in the prevention of dental caries has been investigated in several clinical studies. The purpose of this report is to review the current published evidence regarding the relationship between sugar substitutes and dental caries. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE and included studies published from 1966 to 2001. ...

The effect of two gel-forming polysaccharide gums, guar gum and Na-carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC), on glucose transport in vitro was investigated using everted sacs of rat jejunum. The gums were added to the mucosal bathing media to give apparent viscosities in the range of 1-110 Pascal seconds X 10(-3), mPa.s(cP). Serosal glucose transport fell steeply by about 60% as the viscosities of the muc...

Red maple, sweet gum, trembling aspen, red alder, and Eucalyptus globulus samples were pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid and green liquor before enzymatic saccharification. Substrates showed different levels of delignification and sugar recovery, depending on the applied pretreatments and the syringaldehyde/vanillin ratio (S/V). Three major conclusions were drawn in this research. First, lig...

Many non- or low-cariogenic sucrose substitutes are currently available and are found as ingredients of a variety of candy, chewing gum, and drinks. Recently the role of sugar alcohols in promoting remineralisation of enamel has attracted much attention. Thus, the dental profession needs to understand the general characteristics and features of sugar substitutes to provide advice on oral health...

Gemcitabine is a fluorinated nucleoside currently administered against a number of cancers. It consists of a cytosine base and a 2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose sugar. The synthetic challenges associated with the introduction of the fluorine atoms, as well as with nucleobase introduction of 2,2-difluorinated sugars, combined with the requirement to have an efficient process suitable for large scale ...

Scientific evidence of the association between free sugar consumption and several adverse health effects has led many public health institutions to take measures to limit the intake of added or free sugar. Monitoring the efficiency of such policies and the amount of free sugar consumed requires precise knowledge of free sugar content in different food products. To meet this need, our cross-sect...

The sugars fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose were quantified in seven tissues of Zamia muricata Willd. to determine their distribution throughout various organs of a model cycad species, and in lateral structural roots of 18 cycad species to determine the variation in sugar concentration and composition among species representing every cycad genus. Taproot and lateral structural roots con...

Medicinal plants are one of very valuable rescores in wide range of world and Iran natural resources. Herbal medicines against chemical and synthetic drugs have bad effects and minor side effects and or are completely harmless. Interest in ethnobotany has increased dramatically in recent years. Medicinal folklore over the years has proved to be an invaluable guide in present day screening of dr...