The enveloped alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction mediated by the E1 membrane protein. Efficient SFV-membrane fusion requires the presence of cholesterol and sphingolipid in the target membrane. Here we report on two mutants, srf-4 and srf-5, selected for growth in cholesterol-depleted cells. Like the previously isolated srf-3 mutant (E1 proline 22...

The estimation of dand q-axis parameters is highly desirable, because they are fundamental parameters to many vector control algorithms in the d-q reference frame for fast and accurate responses. Using the finite element method (FEM) for the determination of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM) reactance provides an accurate means of determining the field distribution. However,...

In this paper we present improvements of a framesynchronous noise compensation algorithm that uses Stochastic Matching approach to cope with time-varying unknown noise. We propose to estimate a hierarchical mapping function in parallel with Viterbi alignment. The structure of the transformation tree is build from the states of acoustical models. The objective of this hierarchical transformation...

Spatial relational terms are ambiguous because they can be defined by different and sometimes conflicting frames of reference. Previous research has suggested that multiple reference frames are simultaneously active before a reference frame is selected. Two experiments examined the on-line selection of a reference frame to determine whether it is assisted by inhibition. These experiments used a...