In recent work, Sören Stenlund (2015) contextualizes Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics as aligned with the tradition symbolic mathematics. early modern era, mathematicians began using purely formal methods disconnected from any obvious empirical applications, transforming their subject into a discipline. With this, argues, they were freeing themselves ancient ontological presuppositions ...

an absorbing, candid and well-written account of his life in Germany under the Wilhehnian Empire, the Weimar Republic, National Socialism, and now the Federal Republic of Germany. As a social document dealing with middle-class life and politics in twentieth-century Germany this book is especially important. It likewise provides a revealing account of German medicine in peace-time and during war...

Pigs have long held great symbolic import for the people of Vanuatu, a sprawling archipelago 1,000 miles northeast of Australia. In most of the indigenous, small-scale communities which comprised traditional Vanuatu society, pig ownership and pig killing conveyed status, wealth, and informal power. Such rituals were the sole measure of social standing and political rank. In this study, I show h...

BACKGROUND Many patients prefer to donate unused embryos when surveyed. However, it is a source of frustration and curiosity that clinical audits of embryo outcomes show the majority changed their minds. In many clinics, the number of recipients continues to outweigh the number of donors. To plan effective counselling practices, it is important to understand the dynamics of decision-making for ...

In their recent article, Sweeny, Guzman-Martinez, Ortega, Grabowecky, and Suzuki (2012) demonstrate that heard speech sounds modulate the perceived shape of briefly presented visual stimuli. Ovals, whose aspect ratio (relating width to height) varied on a trial-by-trial basis, were rated as looking wider when a /woo/ sound was presented, and as taller when a /wee/ sound was presented instead. O...

The array of forces within Italian politics since the elections of April 1996 seems odd: a minority Government of reconstructed Communists, some Catholics and a few neo-liberals relies for support on a party of unreconstructed Communists and confronts an opposition coalition of postindustrial media people, financiers and superficially reconstructed fascists, plus some other Catholics and a larg...

The understanding and interpretation of unconscious symbolism is one of the main tools of the psychologist. Often he is faced with the task of understanding and recognizing the meaning not only of a particular symbol but also of the whole process of symbol formation. This applies particularly to work with patients who show a disturbance or inhibition in the formation or free use of symbols, as ...

In 1929 Sapir published a brief study from which he concluded that certain vocalic and consonantal sounds have a definite symbolic significance unrelated to the associative and linguistic value commonly attached to words.' His method consisted in presenting two 'unfamiliar' words (e.g. mal and mil), to which a meaning (e.g. 'table') was arbitrarily attached. His subjects reported whether mal sy...