A combination of the single-valued neutrosophic set (SV-NS) and probabilistic hesitant fuzzy is (SV-NPHF) environment (PHFS). It intended for some unsatisfactory, ambiguous, contradictory circumstances in which each element has a number various values that are brought about by situation?s actuality. The decision-maker can quickly gather analyze facts employing strategic decision-making techniqu...

BACKGROUND The greater nitric oxide (NO) release that occurs in the internal mammary artery (IMA) when compared with the saphenous vein (SV) has been suggested by more endothelium-dependent relaxation in the IMA or measured by bioassay; however, no direct measurement of NO- or endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated hyperpolarization has been reported. The present study measu...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the antiobesity actions of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are due to an influence on preadipocyte proliferation and/or differentiation in primary cultures of pig and rat stromal-vascular (SV) cells. Pig SV cells were isolated from dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue of 7-day-old pigs. For the proliferation assays, pig SV cells were grown for 4 da...

Aorta effectively buffers cardiac pulsatile fluctuation generated from the left ventricular (LV) which could be a mechanical force to high blood flow and low-resistance end-organs such as the brain. A dynamic orthostatic challenge may evoke substantial cardiac pulsatile fluctuation via the transient increases in venous return and stroke volume (SV). Particularly, this response may be greater in...

BACKGROUND Internal mammary artery (IMA) bypass grafts have a higher patency than saphenous vein (SV) grafts. Intimal hyperplasia of SV grafts is due to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. We hypothesized that different SMC growth activity exists in IMA and SV, which may explain the different patencies of arterial and venous grafts. METHODS AND RESULTS SMCs were isolated fro...

Fractional shortening (FS) by echocardiography is considered to represent the short-axis contribution to the stroke volume (SV), also called short-axis function. However, FS is mathematically coupled to the amount of myocardium, since it rearranges during atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD). The SV is the sum of the volumes generated by 1) reduction in outer volume of the heart, and 2) i...

BACKGROUND Although cardiac output (CO) plays the vital role of delivering nutrients to body tissues, few data are available concerning the relations of stroke volume (SV) and CO to body composition in large population samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Doppler and 2D echocardiography and bioelectric impedance in 2744 Strong Heart Study participants were used to calculate SV and CO and to relate th...