The present commentary analyses and discusses the Fjölnisdóttir et al. v. Iceland decision of European Court Human Rights (ECtHR) 18 May 2021. case concerned an Icelandic couple who had been recognised as legal parents a child born by surrogate mother in California. In contrast to most other surrogacy cases decided ECtHR, however, no biological link either intended parents. ECtHR thus found tha...