The technique of repairing defects of the skull with titanium is described. The skull contour can be accurately reproduced. The technique is simpler than wiring or suturing methods. The material is inert, radiolucent, and rigid.

Currently, two treatment options for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are available: conventional open surgical repair and endovascular minimally invasive repair. Open repair carries a significant morbidity and mortality rate, most probably due to the combined effects of general anaesthesia and surgical exposure. Based on anatomical characteristics as assessed by CT scan, approximately...

The tubularized incised plate (TIP) hypospadias repair is currently the most widely used urethroplasty technique. The most significant post-TIP complication is urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) development. Tunneled tunica vaginalis flap (TVF) is a well-described technique for the repair of UCF. We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing repeat repair of UCF after TIP repair from 2001 to ...

It has long been understood that food deliveries may act as signals of future food location, and not only as strengtheners of prefood responding as the law of effect suggests. Recent research has taken this idea further--the main effect of food deliveries, or other "reinforcers", may be signaling rather than strengthening. The present experiment investigated the ability of food deliveries to si...

A critical element in the any repair or upgrading project is the need to assess the condition of the structure. This assessment is needed to establish the existing condition of the structure and to plan for its repair. Secondly, means to assess in real time the progress of the repair are required especially when techniques such as grouting are being used. Finally, an assessment of the modified ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate various prognostic factors which determine outcome after surgical repair of vesicovaginal fistula. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at Koohi Goth Fistula Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data related to patients having undergone vesicovaginal fistula repair from January 2007 to June 2012. Multivariate analysis of the record was done using SPSS 19 software de...

Surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) can be complicated by the development of pulmonary venous stenosis later on. In addition, the vertical vein, if left unligated, can remain patent and lead to hemodynamically significant left to right shunting. We report an infant who required transcatheter correction of both these problems after surgical repair of TAPVC.

Although development of surgical technique and critical care, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm still carries a high mortality. In order to obtain good results, various efforts have been attempted. This paper reviews initial management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and discuss the key point open surgical repair and endovascular aneurysm repair.

Four patients with pectoralis major ruptures underwent clinical and dynamometric assessment and one patient underwent late surgical repair. The operation is described. Dynamometry proved a useful and objective method of estimating the loss of strength and indicating patients who might benefit from surgical repair.

In this research, a mathematics model is proposed to describe the mission availability for bounded-cumulative-downtime system. In the proposed model, the cumulative downtime and cumulative uptime are considered as constraints simultaneously. The mission availability can be defined as the probability that all repairs do not exceed the bounded cumulative downtime constraint of such system before ...