Current practice guidelines recommend administration of surfactant at or soon after birth in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, recent multicenter randomized controlled trials indicate that early use of continuous positive airway pressure with subsequent selective surfactant administration in extremely preterm infants results in lower rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasi...

Current practice guidelines recommend administration of surfactant at or soon after birth in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, recent multicenter randomized controlled trials indicate that early use of continuous positive airway pressure with subsequent selective surfactant administration in extremely preterm infants results in lower rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasi...

The effects of surfactant treatment on surfactant subtype conversion after lung injury were examined. Dogs were subjected to hyperventilation for 8 h with or without surfactant treatment. Lungs were stored for 17 h, and the right lung was transplanted and reperfused for 6 h. Conversion of large aggregate (LA) surfactant to small aggregates was investigated using in vitro surface area cycling. L...

Warm ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a crucial issue in transplantation following the cardiac death of donors. Previously, we showed that surfactant inhalation during warm ischemia mitigated ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study investigated the mechanisms of surfactant inhalation protection of the warm ischemic lung after reoxygenation with ventilation alone. In an isolated rat lung vent...

In order to observe the effects of serum albumin and fibrinogen on biophysical surface properties and the morphology of pulmonary surfactant in vitro, we measured the surface adsorption rate, dynamic minimum and maximum surface tension (min-, max-ST) by Pulsating Bubble Surfactometer, and demonstrated ultrastructures on a series of mixtures with varying concentrations of albumin or fibrinogen a...

The pathophysiology of meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) is related to mechanical obstruction of the airways and to chemical pneumonitis. Meconium is also suggested to cause functional deterioration of pulmonary surfactant. Recent studies have reported that meconium inhibits the physical surface properties of pulmonary surfactant, and that administration of exogenous surfactant may provide ther...

Premature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation, were treated with tracheal deposition of dry artificial surfactant containing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and unsaturated phosphatidylglycerol (7:3), or crude natural surfactant prepared by centrifugation of lung wash from adult rabbits. Before receiving surfactant, the animals were allowed to breathe for 7--27 min; they were then...

Pulmonary surfactant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and induced sputum from adults with stable asthma (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 12) was analyzed for phospholipid and protein compositions and function. Asthmatic subjects were graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Phospholipid compositions of BALF and sputum from control subjects were similar and characteristic of surfactant. For ...

Gemini surfactants, with double hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, offer potentially orders of magnitude greater surface activity compared to similar single unit molecules. A cationic Gemini surfactant (Propyl didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide, PDDDAB) and a conventional cationic surfactant (Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide, DTAB) were used to pre-treat and generate activated carbon. The remov...

Exogenous surfactant therapy has an established role in the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This article summarises the current evidence on surfactant therapy. The use of surfactant for the treatment or prophylaxis of neonatal RDS results in a 30% to 65% relative reduction in the risk of pneumothorax and up to a 40% relative reduction in the risk of mortality. Advers...