Engineering practices and analyses have indicated that surface textures and topography may significantly affect the tribological performance of contact interfaces. Such an influence may be complicated and difficult to be captured with only a few statistic surface parameters. The need for further improvement of the performance and life of machine elements requires that surface topography and tex...

The photograph in Fig. 1 (top) shows text visualized through free surface flow, which serves as a hydraulic analogy of an underexpanded two-dimensional jet at Froude number 1.35 [analogous to Mach number (Buchanan et al. 2007)]. The text is illuminated by a halogen lamp from below a water table and used as a Fig. 1 Photograph (top) of the analogy to shock cells downstream of a nozzle at Mach nu...

The properties of biomaterials, including their surface microstructural topography and their surface chemistry or surface energy/wettability, affect cellular responses such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The nanotopography of moderately rough implant surfaces enhances the production of biological mediators in the peri-implant microenvironment with consequent recruitment of diff...

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), scheduled for launch in December 2008, will make the first space-based measurements of atmospheric CO2 with the precision, spatial and temporal resolution needed to characterize CO2 sources and sinks on regional spatial scales and seasonal to interannual time scales. Variations in surface topography have a direct impact on the retrieval of the columnaverag...

The possibility of using topography in a state estimation context as a control parameter is explored in a linear barotropic shallow water model. Along with its adjoint, the model is used to systematically assess the influence of the depth field on the modeled circulation in a steady state. Sensitivity of the flow field to the topography is greater in a partially blocked zonal channel than in a ...

Nucleus is a highly compartmentalized part of the cell where the key processes of genome functionality are realized through the formation of non-membranous nuclear domains. Physically nuclear domains appear as liquid droplets with different viscosity stably maintained throughout the interphase or during the long diplotene stage of meiosis. Since nuclear body surface represents boundary between ...

A double template method to fabricate poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hierarchical patterned nanowires with highly ordered nano- and microscaled topography was developed in this study. The topography of PCL film with a patterned nanowire surface can be easily and well controlled by changing the template and melting time of PCL film on the templates. The surface morphology, water contact angle, prote...

In the present work, the surface microtexture and chemical changes induced in human dentin by laser processing with KrF excimer laser radiation using fluences ranging from 0.5 to 20 J/cm2 were studied by SEM, XPS and FTIR. Two distinct behaviours were observed in the evolution of surface topography. In some samples, the laser-treated surface remained flat, independently of the fluence used. It ...

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (InSAR) have been used to measure several geophysical quantities such as topography, glacier flows and deformations [1]. To estimate the surface topography, the phase difference between two or more complex SAR images acquired using two slightly different flight paths or two physically separated antennas is used. Then through geometrical equations relati...

The regulation of cell shape, fibronectin mRNA level, secretion and assembly by substratum surface topography was investigated in early passage human gingival fibroblasts cultured on titanium-coated smooth or V-shaped grooved substrata produced by micromachining. Cells on grooved surfaces were significantly elongated and orientated along the grooves of the substratum, while cell height, measure...