The process of sporulation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is known to involve the programmed activation of several hundred protein-coding genes. Here we report the discovery of previously unrecognized genes under sporulation control that specify small, non-protein-coding RNAs (sRNAs). Genes for sRNAs were identified by transcriptional profiling with a microarray bearing probes for intergeni...

Biofilm forming cells are distinctive from the well-investigated planktonic cells and exhibit a different type of gene expression. Several new Escherichia coli genes related to biofilm formation have recently been identified through genomic approaches such as DNA microarray analysis. However, many others involved in this process might have escaped detection due to poor expression, regulatory me...

The ability to precisely engineer plant genomes offers much potential for advancing basic and applied plant biology. Here, we describe methods for the targeted modification of plant genomes using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Methods were optimized using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts and TALENs targeting the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. Optimal TALEN s...

The assembly of beta-barrel proteins into membranes is a fundamental process that is essential in Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and plastids. Our understanding of the mechanism of beta-barrel assembly is progressing from studies carried out in Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that while many components mediating beta-barrel protein assem...

In Escherichia coli, YaeT, together with four lipoproteins, YfgL, YfiO, NlpB, and SmpA, forms a complex that is essential for beta-barrel outer membrane protein biogenesis. Data suggest that YfgL and YfiO make direct but independent physical contacts with YaeT. Whereas the YaeT-YfiO interaction needs NlpB and SmpA for complex stabilization, the YaeT-YfgL interaction does not. Using bioinformati...

m\sura]i de medic. Ea poate fi m\surat\ utilizând chestionare generale sau specifice pentru o anumit\ boal\. Material [i metodã: Am utilizat un chestionar specific pentru arteriopatia cronic\ obliterant\, King's College VascQOL, pe care l-am adresat spre completare unui num\r de 120 de pacien]i, înainte [i dupã opera]ia de revascularizare. Rezultate: Scorurile de calitate a vie]ii scad odat\ cu...

Escherichia coli responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins by inducing the transcription of heat shock genes. Es RNA polymerase controls one of the two heat shock regulons of E. coli. This regulon is activated upon accumulation of misfolded polypeptides in the double membrane envelope of E. coli. s (RpoE) is a member of the extracytoplasmic function subfamily of sigma factors. Here we ...

The most important reason for the enrichment of decorative arts (especially illumination art) in Islamic societies various periods is prohibition depiction Islam. art illumination, which was mostly used to decorate Qur'an different historical Iran, including Great Seljuk period, influenced by previous and became a source creativity inspiration Muslims sometimes non-Muslim artists other countrie...

Eski Van şehrinde Ortaçağ ve sonrasında İslam dönemine ait kültür varlıkları kısmen günümüze ulaşmıştır. Bu döneme eserleri arasında önemli bir grubu mezarlıklar mezar taşları oluşturmaktadır. şehrinin güneyinde yakın mesafede(günümüze ulaşmayan dış sura bitişik) tarihi mezarlık alanı yer almaktadır. Mezarlığın kuzeybatısında tarihlendirmede farklı görüşlerin bildirildiği İkiz Kümbetler olarak ...

Despite the threat of coronavirus infection, Siddha system medicine, India's traditional plays an important role in southern India, particularly Tamilnadu. It contributed considerably not only first wave Covid-19, but also second wave. The Government Tamilnadu developed COVID-19 treatment centers for asymptomatic, mild, and moderate positive patients 2020. TPEC COVID Care Centre initiated at Ve...