We describe a porphyrin dye-sensitised solar cell utilising a solid state electrolyte containing the I(-)/I(3)(-) redox couple, which yields a performance of 5.3% under moderate light intensity and 4.8% at full sun.

Thinning to reduce wildfire hazard is a common management practice in frequent-fire forests of the American west, but it is uncertain whether projects will help regenerate fire-resistant, shade-intolerant pines. We studied naturally established saplings of six conifer species in mixed-conifer forest in northern California, USA to determine how three environmental resources light, soil moisture,...

Asymmetric zinc phthalocyanines with alkyl chain substituents formed highly efficient light-harvesting layers on a TiO2 surface. Dye-sensitized solar cells using PcS20 exhibited a record efficiency of 6.4% under one-sun irradiation.

Recently, consumers have become more concerned with foods contain natural ingredients in terms of health and economic. Hence, in this study, the effects of concentrate of smoked and sun dried raisin were investigated at 3 levels (1, 3 and 5%) as a natural humectant to improve the quality and shelf life of flat bread. Results showed that addition of smoked and sun dried raisin improved quality a...

Using FORTE photodiode detector (PDD) observations of lightning, we have determined the geographic distribution of nighttime flash rate density. We estimate the PDD flash detection efficiency to be 62% for total lightning through comparison to lightning observations by the TRMM satellite’s Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), using cases in which FORTE and TRMM viewed the same storm. We present here...

Micro-Digital Sun Sensor (μDSS) is a sun detector which senses the respective angle between a satellite and the sun. It is composed of a solar cell power supply, a RF communication block and a CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) chip, which is called APS+. The paper describes the implementation of a prototype of the μDSS APS+ processed in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process. The μDSS is applied for micro or nan...

Chlorella is the most cultivated eukaryotic green micro alga, as it is widely used as a health food and feed supplement, as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. It contains proteins, carotenoids, lipids, immunostimulator compounds, polysaccharides, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals. The growth of algae is a function of many factors, including nutrients, pH, salinity, temperat...

The neotropical liana Gnetum leyboldii (Gnetaceae) is a gymnosperm that resembles angiosperms in wood anatomy, overall morphology, and seed dispersal mechanism. Like other woody lianas, seedlings germinate in the shaded forest understory and start climbing towards the canopy, being exposed to sites with extreme differences in light conditions. However, the extent of physiological and structural...

It is significant to understand the effect of the light intensity and temperature on output performance of the crystalline solar modules. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the J-V curves of solar module under various environmental conditions. This paper discuses the effect of light intensity and temperature on performance parameters of mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline silicon solar mod...