nowadays, air pollution is a global problem that has had significant growth by technology development, population growth andindustrial development. industrial development brought natural resources deterioration, more manufacturing products, and more environmental pollutants. if pollutant won’t be controlled, human-being and wildlife will face the critical risks. significant release and critical...

charles dickens was a voracious reader even in his childhood. his early reading of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century picaresque fiction greatly influenced his writing style. his first novel, the pickwick papers, is a tale of rogues and swindlers, adventures and quests, satire and comedy, and innocence and experience. oliver twist, dickens’ second novel, is a young boy’s progress through a cor...

Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is one of the greatest epic poems in the world. The outstanding values of this poem have not been hidden from the painters of different periods and they have drawn illustrations for many stories of Shahnameh. The combat of Rostam and Sohrab has been one of the most interesting themes for these painters. Due to the existence of different layers of meaning in Shahnameh, Shahn...

The causes and results of Sultan Mohammad Khodabandehchr('39')s Shiism have reflected widely in historical sources of the Eastern Islamic world, especially in Iranian sources. Ibn Rizwan Maleqi (Died 782 AH) and Ibn Azraq Gharnati (Died 896 AH), two prominent Andalusian policymakers in Islamic western world, acquainted with this story through Travelogue of Ibn Battuta. These two have considered...

during the process of reading, sometimes learners use ineffective and inefficient strategies and some factors may influence their use of strategies. perhaps critical thinking is one of these factors. this study aims to identify those categories of reading strategies that are mostly used by iranian efl learners and to see if there is any significant relationship between the critical thinking abi...