Abstract Background The bovine upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome includes opportunistic pathogens that cause disease and stress associated with maternal separation transportation contributes to the severity of this disease. Stress is known alter gut but little regarding effect on URT microbiota. This study used six-month old suckling beef calves investigate whether (weaned), by itself or...

OBJECTIVE Weaning predictors are often incorporated in protocols to predict weaning outcome for patients on mechanical ventilation. The predictors are used as a decision point in protocols to determine whether a patient may advance to a spontaneous breathing trial. The impact of including predictors in a weaning protocol has not been previously studied. We designed a study to determine the effe...

Spring calving Angus and Angus x Hereford multiparous cows were utilized to determine the effects of intramammary treatment with penicillin G procaine (200,000 IU) and novobiocin (400 mg) at the time of weaning on udder health and calf growth after the subsequent calving. Cows were stratified by age and breed and assigned randomly to receive intramammary treatment (n = 99) at weaning or as untr...

OBJECTIVE To compare a practice of protocol-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation implemented by nurses and respiratory therapists with traditional physician-directed weaning. DESIGN Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Medical and surgical intensive care units in two university-affiliated teaching hospitals. PATIENTS Patients requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 357). INTERVEN...

The importance of birth-to-weaning average daily gain as a determinant of weight at a final age and yield of marketable pork was investigated. Treatments were imposed to create variation in birthto-weaning ADG independent of birth weight. Newborn pigs were cross-fostered to create litters of four through 14 pigs/litter. Creep feed was offered to pigs from 5 d of age or during last 2 d before we...

BACKGROUND As older persons in the intensive care unit increasingly require long-term mechanical ventilation, accurate indications of readiness for weaning from ventilatory support are needed to avoid premature extubation. OBJECTIVE To describe temporal changes in pulmonary and systemic variables in older adults receiving long-term mechanical ventilation. METHODS After 3 days of unsuccessfu...

Maternal performance of 134 Hereford (H), Brangus (B), and reciprocal crossbred (H x B and B x H) cows from 2 to 7 yr of age was evaluated under semidesert conditions in this study. Calves produced by 2- and 3-yr-old cows were sired by Brangus and Hereford bulls. Calves produced by 4- to 7-yr-old cows were sired by Charolais bulls. Breed of sire and breed of dam of cow affected kilograms of wea...

Thirty-eight one day old female Holstein Friesian calves were raised on artificial rearing system. We are used in completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of using milk replacer on body growth and its economic feasibility. The results revealed that the pre-weaning weight gain, pre-weaning growth rate, weaning weight, post weaning growth rate and weight at final week (week twenty) of...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In intubated patients, mechanical ventilation offers essential ventilatory support, while the respiratory system recovers from acute respiratory failure. Yet, invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with risks and complications that prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation and increase the risk for death. Therefore, safely weaning the patient from the ventilator as...

Parent-offspring conflict is predicted to occur because offspring will demand more parental investment than is optimal for the parent, and is said to be strongest during weaning when parents reduce nursing while offspring continue to demand parental care. While weaning conflict has been shown to be stressful in offspring, little is known about the effects of weaning conflict on mothers. We hypo...