Lunar floor-fractured craters (FFCs) represent the surface manifestation of a class of shallow crustal intrusions in which magma-filled cracks (dikes) rising to the surface from great depth encounter contrasts in host rock lithology (breccia lens, rigid solidified melt sheet) and intrude laterally to form a sill, laccolith or bysmalith, thereby uplifting and deforming the crater floor. Recent d...

[1] Recent spectroscopic detections of CH4 in the atmosphere of Mars are the first definitive observations of an organic compound on that planet. The relatively short photochemical lifetime of CH4 ( 300 years) argues for a geologically young source. We demonstrate here that lowtemperature alteration of basaltic crust by carbon-bearing hydrothermal fluid can produce the required CH4 flux of 1 10...

This paper is an extension of previous work which characterises soil behaviours using the grading entropy diagram. The present work looks at the piping process in granular soils, by considering some new data from flood-protection dikes. The piping process is divided into three parts here: particle movement at the micro scale to segregate free water; sand boil development (which is the initiatio...

Using the Langmuir probe method, the reactive plasma parameters were studied in different ratios of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in a DC cylindrical discharge device.The plasma parameters such as plasma potential, electron density and electron temperature wereextracted from the current-voltage characteristic’s curve of Langmuir probe to find the optimum conditions for deposit the oxy...

Abstract Spur dike is one of the various technologies utilized in river rehabilitation. provides many advantages, such as promoting aquatic habitat, improving channel for navigation, and protecting stream banks. This study serves to evaluate effect a spur on formation sand bars straight rectangular fed by suspended sediment. The performance inducing investigated under three different angles. A ...

A sound knowledge of mechanical properties of rocks at high temperatures and pressures is essential for modelling volcanological problems such as fracture of lava flows and dike emplacement. In particular, fracture toughness is a scale invariant material property of a rock that describes its resistance to tensile failure. A new fracture mechanics apparatus has been constructed enabling fracture...