abstract the extent to which teachers’ written corrective feedback (wcf) is conducive to esl learners’ improvement has been discussed since truscott’s claim in 1996. the mentioned debate continues because there has been lots of contrastive research studies with different results. this paper presents the results of a 2-month study of the effectiveness of wcf to 65 low intermediate iranian learne...

Key points A journal is inanimate and incapable of predation, hence there no such thing as a predatory journal. The predators are the publishing company CEOs, owners other complicit people. Those committing fraud identity theft should be prosecuted. Less time effort spent on scholarly investigations. More now devoted to prosecutions.

The Court of Appeal decision in Official Assignee v Wilson is the leading New Zealand case on "sham trusts". Obiter, O'Regan and Robertson JJ held that for a sham trust to exist, settlor trustee must have common intention not create trust. Post-Wilson, debate continues over precise elements render sham. Law Commission suggested doctrine, as means analysing validity an express trust, may be best...

the significance of spatial heterogeneity in understanding ecological processes has been recognized long ago. one of the earliest expressions of this recognition is the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis that links spatial  heterogeneity to niche vegetation patterns formation and species coexistence. yet, an  important if not crucial  aspect of landscape heterogeneity has escaped deep considerati...