buthotus schach is one of the dangers scorpion in iran that belong to the buthidae family. toxins are existing in venom scorpion, modulate the ion channels by blocking or opening the pore of the channel or by altering the voltage gating and useful as pharmacological tools. in the present study, we investigated the effect of venom and its obtained fractions by gel filtrations on electrophysiolog...

ÐThe current fault-tolerant routing methods require extensive changes to practical routers such as the Cray T3D's dimension-order router to handle faults. In this paper, we propose methods to handle faults in multicomputers with dimension-order routers with simple changes to router structure and logic. Our techniques can be applied to current implementations in which the router is partitioned i...

Static random-access memories (SRAMs) exhibit faults that are electrical in nature. Functional and electrical testing are performed to diagnose faulty operation. These tests are usually designed from simple fault models that describe the chip interface behavior without a thorough analysis of the chip layout and technology. However, there are certain technology and layout-related defects that ar...

Scientific Context. Modern distributed systems can be large-scale (e.g., Internet), dynamic (e.g., Peerto-Peer systems), and / or resource constrained (e.g., WSNs — Wireless Sensor Networks). Those characteristics increase the number of faults which may hit the system. For instance, in WSNs, processes are subject to crash failures because of their limited battery. Moreover, their communications...

Most of the previously proposed fault-tolerant wormhole routing algorithms for direct networks are extensions of the existing adaptive routing algorithms. These extensions are usually done by adding extra virtual channels to the network. Since these additional virtual channels are used for the fault tolerance purposes , they are not eeciently utilized when there are no faults in the network. In...