One of the distinguishing features of Standard ML is the use of type generativity. Each declaration of a datatype binds a globally fresh type name to the type identifier introduced. Type generativity has been regarded as an extra-logical device which, though desirable in a programming language to ensure data abstraction, bears no close resemblance to type theoretic constructs. We show that it c...

We propose an analysis for expletive-associate constructions within the minimalist framework outlined by Chomsky (1991, and later). Specifically, we argue that the expletive is an argument expression that must raise to the (most) external subject position in order to satisfy the Extended Projection Principle and check nominative case, while number agreement is checked by the associate. We prese...

First-order model counting emerged recently as a novel reasoning task, at the core of efficient algorithms for probabilistic logics. We present a Skolemization algorithm for model counting problems that eliminates existential quantifiers from a first-order logic theory without changing its weighted model count. For certain subsets of first-order logic, lifted model counters were shown to run in...

propositions can be defined by using the universal and existential quantifiers. Theuniversal quantifier (represented by ∀) specifies the properties of all the objects that abideto certain characteristics. For example, to indicate that all natural numbers smaller than 50are also smaller than 100, one could use the expression “∀x: N | x < 50 • x < 100”, whichcan be read as “for al...

human dignity, based on the sadraee thought and according to his basis and philosophy, is a factual and existential but not reliable and conventional thing and because this is graded so dignity is a gradation thing. accordingly, inherently human contains dignity it means that dignity in the developmental system is a constant and unchanging thing and associated with human nature, due to the char...