BACKGROUND Substance use is a well-established, and potentially modifiable, risk factor for suicide. Suicide prevention interventions are typically framed within the biomedical paradigm and focus on addressing individual risk factors, improving access to psychiatric care, and improving the skills of medical personnel to recognise at-risk individuals. Few studies have focused on contextual facto...

OBJECTIVE The DSM-IV work group asked researchers and clinicians to subtype substance dependent individuals according to the presence or absence of physiological symptoms. A recent report from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism demonstrated that among alcohol-dependent men and women, a history of tolerance or withdrawal was associated with a more severe clinical course, espec...

A growing population of people living with HIV/AIDS have co-morbid psychiatric and substance abuse diagnoses, increasing the need for integrated services for persons with multiple diagnoses. This article reviews models of integrated services for multiply diagnosed persons living with HIV/AIDS. We focus on the HIV/AIDS Treatment Adherence, Health Outcomes and Cost Study to highlight the elements...

BACKGROUND Substance use has detrimental short-term and long-term consequences for young people. Positive youth development (PYD) interventions, which favour promotion of positive assets over traditional risk reduction, have received attention recently as a possible intervention to prevent adolescent substance use. We aimed to synthesise the evidence on PYD interventions for reduction in substa...

BACKGROUND This study examines demographic risk factors and trends from 1998 to 2009 for concurrent multiple substance use in adolescence in England. METHODS We used data from the 'Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in England' survey, a nationally representative annual survey of 11-15 year olds. Measures of smoking, drinking and illicit drug use frequency and weekly alcohol co...

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility Craving in Substance-Dependent Individuals