The current design rules for cold-formed steel studs used in wall systems subject to non-uniform elevated temperature distributions are complicated with iterations and different section properties. This paper first investigates the accuracy of effective width method (EWM) direct strength (DSM) based equations, then simplifies calculation process without compromising calculating load ratios (ele...

Food safety is a matter of national importance, and it important to establish improve whole process food supervision system with high standard. Along the advent era big data, achieve this goal requires not only reform optimization old regulatory approach needs idea information-based supervision, actively apply data technology testing. In paper, we introduce current situation in society, analyse...

One of the main tasks of engineers is to design structural systems light and economic as possible, yet resistant enough to withstand all possible loads arising during their service life and to absorb the induced seismic energy in a controlled and predictable fashion. The traditional trial-and-error design approach is not capable to determine an economical design satisfying also the code require...