What historical or physical examination findings suggest an ischemic stroke? What processes may simulate stroke? What are some unusual stroke presentations? Introduction The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is often straightforward. The sudden onset of a focal neurologic deficit in a recognizable vascular distribution with a common presentation-such as hemiparesis, facial weakness and aphasia...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genome-wide association studies recently identified 2 variants on chromosome 4q25 as susceptibility factors for atrial fibrillation. Interestingly, these variants were subsequently also shown to be associated with stroke. However, it remains unclear whether 4q25 associates with all the stroke subtypes or with cardioembolic stroke in particular, which is often attributable...

BACKGROUND Whether changes in proteinuria are associated with incident stroke in the general population is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in proteinuria and incident stroke and its subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS The current study included 60 940 Chinese participants (mean age, 50.69 years) who were free of stroke at the time of surveys (2006-2007 and 2...

We previously derived a typology of schizophrenia from a latent class analysis of 447 first-contact non-affective functional psychotic patients from a defined catchment area. Here, using the same sample, we show that the three subtypes, 'neurodevelopmental' (Type A), 'paranoid' (Type B) and 'schizoaffective' (Type C) have different premorbid, phenomenological and treatment response characterist...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The excess risk of stroke seen in the black population has not been explained by differences in age, sex, and social class, although differences in the frequency of cerebrovascular risk factors may be partly responsible. Data on risk factor profiles for the UK black stroke population are sparse. Previous studies have contrasted the association of cerebrovascular risk fact...

High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor associated with stroke in China. This is a subanalysis of patients from the China Status II study, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of valsartan/amlodipine (Val/Aml) single-pill combination (SPC) in hypertensive patients with different stroke subtypes (hemorrhagic, ischemic, or mixed).China Status II was a multicenter, postmarketing,...

Sleep habits are associated with stroke in western populations, but this relation has been rarely investigated in China. Moreover, the differences among stroke subtypes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of total stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic type, with sleep habits of a population in southern China. We performed a case-control study in patients admitted t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated epidemiologically and pathogenetically with coronary atherosclerosis. However, population-based data on chronic infection and stroke are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the association of both bacterial pathogens and ischemic stroke subtypes in a population-based case-control study. METHODS Patients w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An effect of multivitamin supplement on stroke risk is uncertain. We aimed to examine the association between multivitamin use and risk of death from stroke and its subtypes. METHODS A total of 72 180 Japanese men and women free from cardiovascular diseases and cancers at baseline in 1988 to 1990 were followed up until December 31, 2009. Lifestyles including multivitami...

OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a high risk for cardiovascular diseases including stroke. However, the characteristics of the stroke subtypes in patients with CKD remain to be determined. METHODS We investigated the associations between stroke subtypes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and traditional risk factors in 451 (males, 239; mean age, 71.1 y...