A mutant of Bacillus subtilis was isolated that was resistant to the growth inhibitory activity of the synergistic antibiotics of the PA 114, streptogramin, and vernamycin complexes. Escherichia coli is naturally resistant to the action of these antibiotics. In both cases, it was shown that resistance was due to an inability of the bacteria to transport the antibiotics into the cell.

Staphylococcus aureus strain HMC3 isolated at the Hershey Medical Center, was resistant to vancomycin (VRSA) through the presence of the vanA resistance gene; it also contained mecA, erm(A), erm(B), tet(K) and aac(6')-aph(2"), conferring resistance to licensed beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracycline and aminoglycosides. HMC3 also had alterations in GyrA and GrlB and was resistant to available qu...

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of eight streptogramin-resistant Enterococcus species isolated from animals and an environmental source in the United States from 2001 to 2004. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified conferring resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and glycopeptides.

We report here the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain, isolated from a patient at the University of Colorado Hospital. The genome assembly is 3,040,186 bp in length with 37.6% GC content. This isolate encodes eleven resistance genes, including those for glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and tetracycline resistance.

The frequency of erythromycin resistance within group A streptococci in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1995 to 2001 was 2.1% (26 isolates). Of this, 57.7% was macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) inducible, 7.7% was MLS constitutive, and 34.6% had the M phenotype. Eleven different emm sequence types were found among 25 erythromycin-resistant isolates tested. Nineteen of 26 erythromycin-resistant is...

Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a streptogramin combination active against multiply resistant Enterococcus faecium. Among 45 E. faecium isolated from patients in various French hospitals, only two strains were intermediate (MIC = 2 microgram/ml) and one, E. faecium HM1032, was resistant (MIC = 16 microgram/ml) to quinupristin-dalfopristin, according to British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherap...

We analyzed 62 clinical isolates of streptogramin A-resistant (SGA(r)) Staphylococcus aureus collected between 1981 and 2001 in 14 hospitals located in seven French cities. These isolates, including five with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides, were distributed into 45 antibiotypes and 38 SmaI genotypes. Each of these genotypes included between 1 and 11 isolates, the SmaI patterns of whi...

Linezolid resistance has dominantly been mediated by mutations in 23S rRNA or ribosomal protein L4 genes. Recently, cfr has demonstrated the ability to produce a phenotype of resistance to not only oxazolidinones, but also other antimicrobial classes (phenicols, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A). We describe the first detection of cfr-mediated linezolid resistance in Staphyloco...

A novel streptogramin A, pleuromutilin, and lincosamide resistance determinant, Vga(E), was identified in porcine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398. The vga(E) gene encoded a 524-amino-acid protein belonging to the ABC transporter family. It was found on a multidrug resistance-conferring transposon, Tn6133, which was comprised of Tn554 with a stably integrated 4,787-bp DN...