Inherent averaging effects in X-ray diffraction measurement of residual stresses, related to the finite size irradiated area, lead inaccurate measurements presence high surface stress gradients. This paper develops a reconstruction method which allows mapping heterogeneous stresses from averaged measurements. The is based on deconvolution average XRD combination fine grid and use two collimator...

Sheet metal parts can often replace milled components, strongly improving the buy-to-fly ratio in aeronautical sector. However, sheet forming of complex traditionally requires expensive tooling, which is usually prohibitive for low manufacturing rates. To achieve precise parts, non-productive and cost-intensive geometry straightening processes are additionally required after forming. Rollformin...

The effect of removal of the lower beak on the development of the interorbital septumprenasal process (ISPP) complex was studied in chick embryos. In normal development the angle between the ventral contour of the interorbital septum and the long axis of the prenasal process increases. At the same time the angle between the ventral contour of the interorbital septum and the basal plate increase...