patients and methods previously recorded data of 231 patients who underwent surgical closure of vsd between january 2009 and january 2012 at the rajaie cardiovascular medical and research center were retrospectively reviewed. vsd surgical repair was performed using continues suturing technique in group a patients (n = 163, 70.6%) and interrupted suturing technique in group b patients (n = 68, 2...

We present a transmission electron microscopy investigation of graphene membranes, crystalline foils with a thickness of only 1 atom. By using aberration-correction in combination with a monochromator, 1-A resolution is achieved at an acceleration voltage of only 80 kV. The low voltage is crucial for the stability of these membranes. As a result, every individual carbon atom in the field of vie...

By combining first-principles and classical force field calculations with aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments, we study the morphology and energetics of point and extended defects in hexagonal bilayer silica and make comparison to graphene, another two-dimensional (2D) system with hexagonal symmetry. We show that the motifs of isolated point defects...

In this paper the author reflects on his experience of photographing artworks in churches, mainly as part of his role as photographer on the Imaging the Bible in Wales Project (2005–8). The ability to subjectively create new photographic images from original objects is considered and different approaches to photographic recording are evaluated for a variety of effects. An additional perspective...

background: localized alveolar ridge defect may create physiological and pathological problems. developments in surgical techniques have made it simpler to change the confi guration of a ridge to create a more aesthetic and more easily cleansable shape. the purpose of this study was to compare the effi cacy of alveolar ridge augmentation using a subepithelial connective tissue graft in pouch an...

We study by molecular dynamics the structural properties of single layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in comparison to graphene. We show that the Tersoff bond order potential developed for BN by Albe et al (1997 Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 141 85-97) gives a thermally stable hexagonal single layer with a bending constant κ = 0.54 eV at T = 0. We find that the non-monotonic behaviour of the la...

As one-dimension line defects, grain boundaries (GBs) can affect many intrinsic properties of graphene. In this paper, the mechanical properties of 20 representative graphene grain boundaries were studied using density functional theory and molecular dynamics. With different arrangements of the pentagonal and heptagonal rings, the grain boundary may remain flat or become inflected up to 72°. Fo...

Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone-formers (ICSFs) differ from patients who make idiopathic calcium phosphate (CaP) stones (IPSFs). ICSFs, but not IPSFs, form their stones as overgrowths on interstitial apatite plaque; the amount of plaque covering papillary surface is positively correlated with urine calcium excretion and inversely with urine volume. The amount of plaque predicts the numb...

Idiopathic uric acid nephrolithiasis is characterized by elevated urinary net acid excretion and insufficient buffering by ammonium, resulting in excessively acidic urine and titration of the relatively soluble urate anion to insoluble uric acid. Patients with type 2 diabetes have similar changes in urinary pH, net acid excretion, and ammonium in 24-h urine collections at baseline, even after c...

The structural evolution of graphene on Ni(111) is investigated as a function of growth temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Low temperature (400−500 °C) growth results in a continuous but highly defective film with small ordered graphene domains and disordered domains composed of Stone−Wales (SW)-like defects. As the growth temperature is increased, the disordered domains shrink...