Umbrella stoichiometries are relatively unstable compositions that can be leveraged to promote the formation of unconventional solid III II VI V V state structures. La and Cu in a one to one ratio is such a stoichiometry. The addition of a third metal such as Mo , V , or Ru generates a complex set of potential products. Nonetheless, La Cu MoO forms a single phase because no low energy multiphas...

—Ecological stoichiometry refers to the relative availability of elements in ecosystems as both an influence upon and result of ecological interactions. Nutrient ratios have long been analyzed in primary producers, but their application to animals is more recent. Here, we summarize the ecological stoichiometry framework and highlight three key contexts in stream fish ecology: body stoichiometry...

The Na+/H+ antiport is an important regulator of cellular volume, pH and Na+ concentration in mammalian cells. The stoichiometry of this antiporter has previously been shown to be a 1:1 exchange of internal H+ for external Na+. We have investigated this stoichiometry in human leucocytes by using a novel intracellular pH-clamping technique and measuring 22Na+ influx and H+ efflux in the same cel...

We demonstrate an analytical method to optimize the stoichiometry and thickness of multilayer silicon oxide films in order to achieve the highest density of non-touching and closely spaced silicon nanocrystals after annealing. The probability of a nanocrystal nearest-neighbor distance within a limited range is calculated using the stoichiometry of the as-deposited film and the crystallinity of ...

The elemental stoichiometry of microalgae reflects their underlying macromolecular composition and influences competitive interactions among species and their role in the food web and biogeochemistry. Here we provide a new estimate of the macromolecular composition of microalgae using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of data compiled from the literature. The median macromolecular composition of...

Current models and observations indicate that bacterial respiration should increase and growth efficiency (BGE) should decrease with increasing temperatures. However, these models and observations are mostly derived from data collected in temperate regions, and the tropics are under-represented. The aim of this work was to compare bacterial metabolism, namely bacterial production (BP) and respi...

Like DNA, RNA can be designed and manipulated to produce a variety of different nanostructures. Moreover, RNA has a flexible structure and possesses catalytic functions that are similar to proteins. Although RNA nanotechnology resembles DNA nanotechnology in many ways, the base-pairing rules for constructing nanoparticles are different. The large variety of loops and motifs found in RNA allows ...

Successful establishment of invasive species is often related to the existence of vacant niches. Competition occurs when invaders use the same limiting resources as members of the recipient community, which will be reflected in some overlap of their trophic niches. The concept of isotopic niche has been used to study trophic niche partitioning among species. Here, we present a two-year field st...

7.02.3 ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION IN SEDIMENTS 40 7.02.3.1 Electron Acceptors for Sedimentary Organic Matter Oxidation 43 7.02.3.2 The Stoichiometry of Oxic Sedimentary Organic Matter Decomposition 45 7.02.3.3 The Depth Distribution of Organic Matter Oxidation in the Sediment Column 48 7.02.3.4 The Response Time for Organic Matter Oxidation 51 7.02.3.5 The Burial of Organic Matter in Marine S...