In this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. Each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. Therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...

Supply chain coordination has become a critical success factor for supply chain management (SCM). In the past few years, the researchers have widely emphasized that cooperation among supply chain (SC) firms is a key source of competitive advantage. This paper is focused on supply chain coordination from the perspective of inventory management. Li and Liu [1] developed a model for illustrating h...

An important issue for suppliers, producers, and retailers who want to compete in a competitive environment is continuous performance improvement in a dynamic supply chain. Literature review on supply chain puts more emphasis on quantitative factors than other factors. In this research, we focus on quantitative factors which affect competitive advantages creation and investigation. Our goal is ...

We consider a model of a supply chain consisting of n production facilities in tandem and producing a single product class. External demand is met from the finished goods inventory maintained in front of the most downstream facility (stage 1); unsatisfied demand is backlogged. We adopt a base-stock production policy at each stage of the supply chain, according to which the facility at stage i p...

  Supply chain includes two or more parties linked by flow of goods, information, and funds. In a decentralized system, supply chain members make decision regardless of their decision's effects on the performance of the other members and the entire supply chain. This is the key issue in supply chain management, that the mechanism should be developed in which different objectives should be align...

Discrete-event simulation and (mixed-integer) linear programming are widely used for supply chain planning. We present a general framework to support the operational decisions for supply chain networks using a combination of an optimization model and discrete-event simulation. The simulation model includes nonlinear and stochastic elements, whereas the optimization model represents a simplified...

Development of every society is incumbent upon energy sector’s technological and economic effectiveness. The electricity industry is a growing and needs to have a better performance to effectively cover the demand. The industry requires a balance between cost and efficiency through careful design and planning. In this paper, a two-stage stochastic programming model is presented for the design o...

In this paper, a discount model is proposed to coordinate pricing and ordering decisions in a two-echelon supply chain (SC). Demand is stochastic and price sensitive while lead times are fixed. Decentralized decision making where downstream decides on selling price and order size is investigated. Then, joint pricing and ordering decisions are extracted where both members act as a single entity ...