Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a first-line topical treatment in acne vulgaris, and it is superior to antibiotics, because the bacteria do not develop resistance to it. Skin irritation is a common side effect, and it has been shown that controlled release of BPO from a delivery system to the skin could reduce the side effects while reducing percutaneous absorption. Therefore, the purpose of t...

ABSTRACT In this study, an optimized vortex-assisted method for rapid screening of oil content in Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) seeds is described. A 24-1IV fractional factorial design was employed to study the influence vortex stirring rate, sample:solvent ratio, extraction time, and number cycles efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used identification fatty acids. The mos...

We stir with a focused laser beam a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87 Rb atoms confined in a magnetic trap. We observe the formation of a single vortex for a stirring frequency exceeding a critical value. At larger rotation frequencies we produce states of the condensate for which up to eleven vortices are simultaneously present. We present measurements of the decay of a vortex array once the stir...

This paper presents a microfluidic mixer that uses acoustic stirring created by ultrasonic waves. The ultrasound is introduced into the channel by integrated piezoelectric transducers. The transducers are made of a zinc oxide thin film, which is deposited on the bottom surface of a quartz substrate. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) channel is aligned to the transducers on the top surface of the subst...

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the formulation and process parameters on PLGA microparticles containing a practically insoluble model drug (ibuprofen) prepared by the o/w solvent evaporation method. Multivariate data analysis was used. The effects of altered stirring speed of a mechanical stirrer (600, 1000 rpm), emulsifier concentrations (PVA concentration 0....

We performed the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin using Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in the stirring packed-bed reactors filled with carbon fiber textiles (CFT). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), HPLC, qRT-PCR and ATP assay indicated that vanillin biotransformation is tightly related to cell growth, cellar activity and the extent of biofilm formation. The biotransformation was...

Simultaneous application of UV light and ultrasonic irradiation to a reaction mixture containing 1-iodocyclohexene is reported. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in methanol was carried out with or without addition of zinc. The effect of ultrasound or mechanical stirring on this solid-liquid system was also compared. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in methanol in the presence of zinc in...

the catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid in the liquid phase has been studied in an un-stirred tank reactor. low concentration of acetic acid was added in order to increase the solubility of the catalyst in toluene. the dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of toluene catalyst and oxygen pressure was studied. it has been suggested that liquid phase oxidation of tolue...