this is a descriptive survey to define the incidence of co-existing disease in patients undergoing eye surgery before   anesthesia in hospitals of the ministry of health and education in 1993.   in this survey 2000 patients ' records have been studied who were admitted 10 the hospitals. collecting of data   was done by checklist that contained questions about the condition of the heart and...

instrument breakage during treatment can lead to serious complications and carries the risk of treatment failure. when a file breaks in the canal, bypassing or removal can be difficult and the long-term prognosis of the tooth may be compromised. sometimes surgery may be indicated for removal of the broken segment. often some part of the root cannot be cleaned because of blockage by the broken f...

abstract background: patient satisfaction with the cosmetic result of spinal fusion surgery was studied in 40 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. neutral or dissatisfied patients were compared with satisfied patients in several physical and psychological characteristics. the aim of the study was to determine whether adolescents generally report satisfaction with the postoperative appearan...

introduction: laser surgery as an alternative for conventional surgical procedure has gained special attention. using carbon dioxide (co2) laser has some benefits like less post-operative pain, swelling and infection, decrease in risk of metastasis and edema, and less bleeding providing dry sites for surgery. case report: a 12 years old boy with lingual frenum with indication for excision was r...

background: hearing loss due to chronic otitis media is common. the purpose of this study was to evaluate hearing before and after canal wall up, canal wall down mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. methods: from 2004 to 2007, all patients with chronic otitis media who were admitted at the department of otolaryngology, babol medical university were studied. for 126 patients' canal wall up, can...

introduction: the surgical management of chronic frontal sinus disorders remains a challenge for rhinologists. the aim of this study was to evaluate the result of draf iii in a series of patients who underwent this procedure.   materials and methods: twenty patients were included in this study. demographic data, history of prior surgery, asthma,  aspirin sensitivity and lund–mackay score were r...