The exploratory behavior of rodents is characterized by stereotypical movements of the vibrissae, nose, and head, which are phase locked with rapid respiration, that is, sniffing. Here we review the brainstem circuitry that coordinates these actions and propose that respiration may act as a master clock for binding orofacial inputs across different sensory modalities.

Cytokinesis shape change occurs through the interfacing of three modules, cell mechanics, myosin II-mediated contractile stress generation and sensing, and a control system of regulatory proteins, which together ensure flexibility and robustness. This integrated system then defines the stereotypical shape changes of successful cytokinesis, which occurs under a diversity of mechanical contexts a...

Electron cascades from electrical discharge produce secondary emissions from atmospheric plasma in the ultraviolet band. For a single point of discharge, these emissions exhibit a stereotypical discharge morphology, with latent information about the discharge location. Morphological processing can uncover the location and therefore have diagnostic utility.

Acidic substituents for Ala-177 (helix 6) or Tyr-236 (helix 7) in LacY cause effects on sugar recognition and cosubstrate coupling that are stereotypical of neutral substituents. Thus, helices 6 and 7 are probably oriented to produce little side-chain contact with the low dielectric lipid bilayer at positions 177 and 236.

The patterning of the nervous system is achieved through coordinated action of a variety of repulsive or attractive neuronal guidance factors that direct the growth of growing axons to specific pathways. Recent studies suggest that the same or similar sets of factors also guide migration of endothelial cells, helping to direct the stereotypical embryonic patterning of the developing vertebrate ...

We analyze the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus in an investigation of bias and stereotyping in NLP data. The human-elicitation protocol employed in the construction of the SNLI makes it prone to amplifying bias and stereotypical associations, which we demonstrate statistically (using pointwise mutual information) and with qualitative examples.

Functionally distinct types of neurons develop in stereotypical positions in the vertebrate spinal cord. The mechanisms that generate this diversity have been well studied in the ventral and intermediate regions of the spinal cord, while dorsal cells have received less attention. In this issue of Neuron, two papers focusing on dorsal interneuron development level the playing field.

Neuronal processes exhibit exquisitely complex branching patterns crucial for the formation of distinct neural circuits. In this issue of Cell, Chen et al. (2006) show that the isoform diversity of the Dscam protein in Drosophila is required to establish stereotypical axonal branching patterns, suggesting that nonrandom expression of Dscam alternative splice variants determines neural connectiv...

We studied stereotypical ear covering in a child with autism. Results of a descriptive analysis were inconclusive but revealed a correlation between ear covering and another child's screaming. An analogue functional analysis showed that ear covering was emitted only when the screaming was present.

The motor control problem involves determining the time-varying muscle activation trajectories required to accomplish a given movement. Muscle redundancy makes motor control a challenging task: there are many possible activation trajectories that accomplish the same movement. Despite this redundancy, most movements are accomplished in highly stereotypical ways. For example, point-topoint reachi...