Some features of hydroand thermo-dynamics, as applied to atmospheres and to stellar structures, are puzzling: (1) the suggestion, first made by Laplace, that our atmosphere has an adiabatic temperature distribution, is confirmed for the lower layers, but the explanation for this is very controversial; (2) the standard treatment of relativistic thermodynamics does not favor a systematic treatmen...

We establish the formalism in the nonsymmetric gravitational theory (NGT) for stellar equilibrium and gravitational collapse. We study the collapse of a pressureless, spherically symmetric dust cloud. By assuming that the interior solution is smoothly matched at the surface of the star to the quasi-static, spherically symmetric vacuum solution, we find that the star does not collapse to a black...

We propose that when neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries accrete sufficient mass and become millisecond pulsars, the interiors of these stars may undergo phase transitions, which excite stellar radial oscillations. We show that the radial oscillations will be mainly damped by gravitational-wave radiation instead of internal viscosity. The gravitational waves can be detected by the advanced...

Intr oduc tion A. A brief cosmological revI. ew B. Organization of the paper Particle Concentrations in the Hot Universe Bounds on the Number of Light Particle Species Light Particle Masses Quenching and Contemporary Concentrations of Heavy Stable Particles Heavy Lepton Masses Unstable Leptons. Limits on Their Mass and/or Lifetime A. The total energy density in the universe B. The spectrum of c...

The capture and subsequent inspiral of stellar mass black holes on eccentric orbits by central massive black holes, is one of the more interesting likely sources of gravitational radiation detectable by LISA. We estimate the rate of observable events and the associated uncertainties. A moderately favourable mass function could provide many detectable bursts each year, and a detection of at leas...

Some features of hydro-and thermodynamics, as applied to atmospheres and to stellar structures, are puzzling: 1. It is not understood or universally agreed whether an isolated gas, in an external gravitational field, tends spontaneously to a final state in which the temperature is uniform. 2. Arguments in which a concept of energy plays a role, in the context of hydro-thermodynamical systems an...

The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the s...

We have obtained 11.7 μm and 17.9 μm images at the Keck I telescope of the circumstellar dust emission from L2 Pup, one of the nearest (D = 61 pc) masslosing, pulsating, red giants that has a substantial infrared excess. We propose that the star is losing mass at a rate of ∼3 × 10 M⊙ yr . Given its relatively low luminosity (∼ 1500 L⊙), relatively high effective temperature (near 3400 K), relat...

A radiation-driven disk wind model is proposed that offers great promise of explaining the extreme mass loss signatures of massive young stellar objects (the BN-type objects and more luminous Herbig Be stars). It is argued that the dense low-velocity winds associated with young late-O/early-B stars would be the consequence of continuing optically-thick accretion onto them. The launch of outflow...

We present the results of numerical time evolutions of the linearised perturbations of rapidly and rigidly rotating Newtonian polytropes while making the Cowling approximation. The evolution code runs stably for hundreds of stellar rotations, allowing us to compare our results with previously published eigenmode calculations, for instance the f-mode calculations of Ipser & Lindblom, and the r-m...