These days, propositional planning can be considered a quite well-understood problem. Good algorithms are known that can solve a wealth of very different and sometimes challenging planning tasks, and theoretical computational properties of both general STRIPS-style planning and the best-known benchmark problems have been established. However, propositional planning has a major drawback: The for...

This paper presents the CQ algorithm which decomposes and solves a Markov Decision Process (MDP) by automatically generating a hierarchy of smaller MDPs using state variables. The CQ algorithm uses a heuristic which is applicable for problems that can be modelled by a set of state variables that conform to a special ordering, defined in this paper as a “nested Markov ordering”. The benefits of ...

Red-black planning delete-relaxes only some of the state variables. This is coarse-grained in that, for each variable, it either remembers all past values (red), or remembers only the most recent one (black). We herein introduce limited-memory state variables, that remember a subset of their most recent values. It turns out that planning is still PSPACE-complete even when the memory is large en...

In this study, a more accurate model of fuel cell of molten carbonate was also used that was determined input and output control variables and investigated the behavior of the system with respect to those variables. A more complete kinetic is also implemented for increasing the effectiveness of the presented paper. The input variables include fuel flow rate of cell which is methane and cell vol...

perfectionism, in fact, is an irrational belief individuals have about themselves and their surroundings. perfectionists believe that they and their surroundings must be complete and any attempt in life must be without error. the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of positive and negative perfectionism with competitive state anxiety. 100 soccer players completed positive...

a new simple model is introduced for a liquid and an equation of state is derived based on this model and the statistical mechanical calculations. this equation of state works well for the non-polar and slightly polar liquids. the important conclusion that may be deduced from this equation of state is that if the reduced variables of state are chosen and defined appropriately, then, the princip...