Expression of the catalytic (C) subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) of Dictyostelium under the control of heterologous, cell-type-specific promoters causes ectopic terminal differentiation. When expressed under the control of a prespore-specific promoter, development is accelerated, to yield highly aberrant fruiting bodies that contain a basal mass of spore cells surrounding a ce...

LAZZARO, M. D., and THOMSON, W. M. 1992. Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinurn). Can. J . Bot. 70: 2319-2325. In the organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinutn L.), calcium is localized in the stalk and head cells using pyroantimonate and X-ray microanalysis. Light calcium deposits are present in the end...

The L1 stalk is a mobile domain of the large ribosomal subunit E site that interacts with the elbow of deacylated tRNA during protein synthesis. Here, by using single-molecule FRET, we follow the real-time dynamics of the L1 stalk and observe its movement relative to the body of the large subunit between at least 3 distinct conformational states: open, half-closed, and fully closed. Pretransloc...

The effect of colchicine on stalk elongation in the colonial peritrich ciliate Carchesium sp. has been investigated by growing this protozoon in colchicine-containing media. The length of the stalk in control cultures was 0-4-0-9 mm. In the presence of 2-5-125 mM colchicine, stalk elongation was inhibited, and stalk length was inversely proportional to colchicine concentration. At concentration...

Current influenza virus vaccine strategies stimulate immune responses toward the globular head domain of the hemagglutinin protein in order to inhibit key steps of the virus life cycle. Because this domain is highly variable across strains, new vaccine formulations are required in most years. Here we demonstrate a novel vaccine strategy that generates immunity to the highly conserved stalk doma...

Differentiation-inducing factor-1 [1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one (DIF-1)] is an important regulator of cell differentiation and chemotaxis in the development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum However, the entire signaling pathways downstream of DIF-1 remain to be elucidated. To characterize DIF-1 and its potential receptor(s), we synthesized two flu...

In recent years, fungal pretreatment has received renewed attention for biorefinery of lignocellulosic feedstock. The present research was aimed to examine the biodegradation effects of three white rot fungi on cotton stalk. The results showed that three white rot fungi could degrade the lignocellulose of cotton stalk effectively at a certain degradation stage, the forming ratio of hyphal prote...

The development of optic stalk neuroepithelial cells depends on Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, yet the source(s) of Hh protein in the optic stalk is unknown. We provide genetic evidence that sonic hedgehog (Shh) from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes the development of optic disc and stalk neuroepithelial cells. We demonstrate that RGCs express Shh soon after differentiation, and cells at the op...

LAZZARO, M. D., and THOMSON, W. W. 1989. Ultrastructure of organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Can. J. Bot. 67: 2669-2677. The acid-secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were composed of 18 cells, including 1 basal cell, 3 elongate stalk cells, and 14 head cells. A subcuticular secretion chamber with cuticular pores was present above the head cells at ...

Intersubunit rotation and movement of the L1 stalk, a mobile domain of the large ribosomal subunit, have been shown to accompany the elongation cycle of translation. The initiation phase of protein synthesis is crucial for translational control of gene expression; however, in contrast to elongation, little is known about the conformational rearrangements of the ribosome during initiation. Bacte...