We propose a new all-pay auction format in which risk-loving bidders pay a constant fee each time they bid for an object whose monetary value is common knowledge among the bidders, and bidding fees are the only source of benefit for the seller. We show that for the proposed model there exists a unique Symmetric Subgame Perfect Equilibrium (SSPE). The characterized SSPE is stationary when re-ent...

Numerous mutations are found in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) viruses, and the M gene is the gene most commonly affected. In some SSPE viruses, such as the MF, Osaka-1, Osaka-2, and Yamagata-1 strains, translation of the M protein is complicated by a transcriptional defect that leads to an almost exclusive synthesis of dicistronic P-M mRNA. To understand the molecular mechanisms of...

The antigen receptor of most T cells consists of three components, T cell receptor (TCR)-a and -,Q chains and the CD3 (T3) polypeptides (1) . Recently, another receptor has been found (2) on the surface of a small fraction (1-3%) of normal adult peripheral blood T cells . This receptor also consists of three components, TCR-y and -8 chains and the CD3 polypeptides . The function and distributio...

In the last 25 years, no less than 10 dramatic morbilliviral epidemics have occurred among free-ranging pinniped and cetacean species and populations worldwide. The origin(s) of the new Morbillivirus genus members causing these mass mortality events, along with the reason(s) behind their “sudden” appearance among wild aquatic mammals, are totally unknown (Di Guardo et al., 2005, 2011b). Interes...

Application of neutralizing anti-hemagglutinin antibodies to mouse neuroblastoma cells (NS20Y/MS) persistently infected with measles virus (MV) leads to a significant reduction of viral structural proteins within 6 days. While the transcriptional gradient for MV-specific mRNAs remained unaffected upon antibody treatment, the total amount of MV-specific transcripts dropped by 80% after 24 h. The...