0022-1694/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.023 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 (0)2461 618607. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.A. Huis Coupled hydrogeophysical inversion aims to improve the use of geophysical data for hydrological model parameterization. Several numerical studies have illustrated the feasibility and advantages of a coupled appro...

As Technology progress deeper into submicron CMOS, traditional analog circuits face problems that are not to be solved purely by analog innovations. Instead, new architectures are being proposed which take advantages of the relatively cheaper of the digital circuits to augment or improve the diminishing performance of the analog circuitry. The conventional approach performs the design of 14 ban...

This paper analyses substrate-related spurious tones in fractional-N phaselocked loops with integrated VCOs. Spur positions are calculated and experimentally verified as a function of the divider ratios of prescaler and programmable divider. For an integrated wideband PLL in SiGe BiCMOS technology the spur power levels are measured and compared with theoretical expectations. The power in these ...

Reference spurs are one of the main problems in integer-N phaselocked loops (PLLs). A ratioed current charge pump is proposed to suppress reference spur magnitude in the PLL output. The ratioed current charge pump can be implemented by resizing the source and drain network of the charge pump. A formula to calculate the ratioed current and transistor size is presented. The reference spur magnitu...

This paper presents a methodology to determine all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) circuit variables based on required design specifications, including output phase noise, fractional spur and locking time. An analytical model is developed to characterize the effects of different noise sources on ADPLL output phase noise and fractional spur. Applying the proposed noise model, circuit variables...

The safety of dikes in the Netherlands, located in the delta of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt, has been the subject of debate for more than ten years. The safety (or flood risk) of a particular area may depend on the safety of other areas. This is referred to as effects of river system behaviour on flood risk (quantified as the estimated number of casualties and economic damage). In the N...

Precision forging process is widely used for the production of spur gears due to its advantages such as improved strength and surface finish, little waste of materials and reduction in the machining time of the gear. An important aspect of precision forging process is the load required to perform the process successfully and design the forging tools. In this research, a new kinematically admiss...

INTRODUCTION Large-scale coastal development for land reclamation has been carried out on the Saemangeum coast of the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula by constructing a 33 km-long sea dike since 1991. This type of construction has an effect upon both the coastal morphology and tidal systems. After construction of the dike, changes in both tides and tidal currents have occured. The weak...